(中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 地下資源開采及地下空間開發(fā)利用規(guī)模不斷加大，促使非爆破巖技術(shù)得到了長足發(fā)展，并衍生出機(jī)械刀具破巖、水力破巖、微波破巖、熱沖擊破巖、膨脹破巖、聯(lián)合破巖等技術(shù)。本文闡述了各類非爆破巖理論，并綜述了各類非爆破巖技術(shù)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用進(jìn)程。針對目前非爆破巖技術(shù)的發(fā)展瓶頸和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，展望了非爆破巖理論與技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。為滿足深地戰(zhàn)略重大需求，非爆破巖亟需完成理論突破、技術(shù)變革、設(shè)備升級，以實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜地質(zhì)環(huán)境下堅(jiān)硬巖石的安全、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)、智能及綠色破碎。
關(guān)鍵字: 非爆破巖；深部硬巖；機(jī)械刀具破巖；水力破巖；微波破巖；熱沖擊破巖；聯(lián)合破巖
（School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The continuous increase in the scale of underground resource mining and underground space development and utilization have promoted the rapid development of non-blasting rock breakage technologies, such as mechanical, hydraulic, microwave, thermal impact, expansion, combined and other rock breakage methods. This paper expounded various non-blasting rock breakage theories, and summarized the development and application processes of various non-blasting rock breakage technologies. Aiming at the current bottleneck and challenges of non-blasting rock breakage, the development direction of non-blasting rock breakage theory and technology was prospected. In order to meet the major requirements of “deep-ground” strategies, non-blasting rock breakage urgently needs to complete theoretical breakthroughs, technological changes, and equipment upgrades to achieve safe, efficient, economical, intelligent and green breakage of hard rocks in complex geological environments.
Key words: non-blasting rock breakage; deep hard rock; mechanical tool-based rock breakage; hydraulic rock breakage; microwave rock breakage; thermal impact-based rock breakage; combined rock breakage
