(1. 湖南科技大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，高功效輕合金構(gòu)件成形技術(shù)及耐損傷性能評(píng)價(jià) 湖南省工程研究中心，高溫耐磨材料及制備技術(shù)湖南省國(guó)防科技重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，新能源儲(chǔ)存與轉(zhuǎn)換先進(jìn)材料湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，湘潭 411201；
2. 華南理工大學(xué) 廣東省精密裝備與制造技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，廣州 510641；
3. 重慶市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院，重慶 401123)
摘 要: 綜述了鎂-稀土合金在擠壓、軋制和大塑性變形技術(shù)方面的研究進(jìn)展，介紹變形溫度、變形速度、擠壓比等對(duì)擠壓材組織和力學(xué)性能的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)通過變形工藝調(diào)控獲得細(xì)晶或形成雙峰分布晶粒可提高合金的力學(xué)性能。概述了鎂-稀土合金軋制變形的研究進(jìn)展，發(fā)現(xiàn)通過工藝調(diào)控形成雙峰分布晶粒或引入層錯(cuò)可制備超高強(qiáng)鎂合金，總結(jié)了等通道轉(zhuǎn)角擠壓、高壓扭轉(zhuǎn)和多向鍛造對(duì)合金組織和力學(xué)性能的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)大塑性變形技術(shù)尤其是高壓扭轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù)是制備納米級(jí)超細(xì)晶的有效方法，但大塑性變形技術(shù)的工藝相較于擠壓、軋制變形更復(fù)雜，成本更高，且制備的樣品尺寸往往較小。最后，對(duì)鎂-稀土合金塑性變形技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向提出了建議。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎂-稀土合金；擠壓；軋制；大塑性變形；力學(xué)性能
（1. High-efficiency Light Alloy Component Forming Technology and Damage Resistance Evaluation Hunan Engineering Research Center, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Precision Equipment and Manufacturing Technique, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
3. Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China）
Abstract:This paper reviewed the research progress of magnesium-rare earth alloys in extrusion, rolling and severe plastic deformation (SPD) technologies. The effects of deformation temperature, deformation speed and extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded samples were introduced. It is indicated that grain refinement or formation of bimodal-grained structure through deformation process control can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The research progress on rolling deformation of magnesium-rare earth alloy was summarized, it is found that the ultra-high strength magnesium alloy can be fabricated by forming bimodal-grained structure or introducing stacking faults through process control. The effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT) and multi-directional forging (MDF) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys were summarized. It is exhibited that SPD technology, especially HPT, is an effective method for preparing nanometer-scale ultrafine grains. Compared with extrusion and rolling, the process is more complicated and expensive, and the size of the prepared samples is often smaller. Finally, the suggestions were provided for the development direction of magnesium-rare earth alloy plastic deformation technology.
Key words: Mg-RE alloys; extrusion; rolling; severe plastic deformation; mechanical property
