(華北理工大學(xué) 礦業(yè)工程學(xué)院，河北省礦業(yè)開發(fā)與安全技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，唐山 063210)
摘 要: 釩是重要的戰(zhàn)略金屬，萃取法是當(dāng)前溶液中釩分離富集的主要方法之一。本文從含釩溶液的特點(diǎn)及溶液中釩的存在形態(tài)出發(fā)，闡述了溶液中釩分離富集的難點(diǎn)所在，綜述了含釩溶液萃取分離富集釩的研究進(jìn)展，對(duì)萃取機(jī)理及工藝影響因素等進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析，展望了萃取法的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。有機(jī)磷類萃取劑、有機(jī)胺類萃取劑、長(zhǎng)鏈醇萃取劑、羥肟類萃取劑等傳統(tǒng)的有機(jī)溶劑萃取體系應(yīng)用相對(duì)成熟，但有機(jī)溶劑萃取體系普遍存在易揮發(fā)、有毒有害、易燃易爆等問題；近年來，雙水相、三液相、離子液體等新型綠色萃取體系受到越來越多的關(guān)注；乳狀液膜、微乳液、支撐液膜、聚合物包容膜等液膜萃取在縮短萃取流程、降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高釩分離效率及釩產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等方面有較大發(fā)展空間。
關(guān)鍵字: 含釩溶液；釩形態(tài)；萃取；分離富集
（Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Mining Exploitation and Security Technology, College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China）
Abstract:Vanadium is an important strategic metal, and solvent extraction is one of the main methods for vanadium separation and enrichment in solution. Starting from the characteristics of vanadium containing solution and the existing forms of vanadium in solution, this review expounded the difficulties of separation and enrichment of vanadium in solution and introduces the research progress on separation and enrichment of vanadium by extraction from vanadium-containing solution. The extraction mechanism and factors influencing technological process were summarized and analyzed, and the development trends of extraction were prospected. Traditional organic solvent extraction systems, such as organophosphorus extractants, organic amine extractants, long-chain alcohol extractants and hydroxamic oxime extractants, are relatively mature, but it is generally of toxic and harmful, volatile, flammable and explosive. Recent years, the new green extraction systems, including the aqueous two-phase, three liquid phase and ionic liquid, have attracted more attention. The liquid membrane extraction technology, such as emulsion liquid membrane, microemulsion, supporting liquid membrane and polymer inclusion film, has much scope for shortening the extraction process, reducing the production cost, and improving the efficiency of vanadium separation and the quality of vanadium products.
Key words: vanadium containing solution; vanadium species; extraction; separation and enrichment
