(1. 齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)（山東省科學(xué)院） 生物基材料與綠色造紙國家重點實驗室，濟(jì)南 250353；
2. 齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)（山東省科學(xué)院） 制漿造紙科學(xué)與技術(shù)教育部重點實驗室，濟(jì)南 250353；
3. 山東省科學(xué)院 新材料研究所，濟(jì)南 250014)
摘 要: 鋰硫電池具有較高的理論比容量(1675 mA·h/g)和能量密度(2600 W·h/kg)，被認(rèn)為是最具發(fā)展前景的高能量密度儲能電池系統(tǒng)之一。然而該體系還有一些問題尚未解決，如活性物質(zhì)硫的導(dǎo)電率過低、多硫化物溶于電解液造成的穿梭效應(yīng)和活性物質(zhì)損失以及脫/嵌鋰過程中發(fā)生的體積膨脹等，會導(dǎo)致電池庫倫效率低、循環(huán)性能差和容量衰減快，嚴(yán)重阻礙鋰硫電池的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。近年來，天然生物質(zhì)碳材料因高導(dǎo)電性、大比表面積、異質(zhì)元素?fù)诫s、價格低廉等優(yōu)勢，作為包覆硫基體廣泛應(yīng)用于鋰硫電池正極材料中，可極大地提高硫的利用率，抑制穿梭效應(yīng)。本文系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了不同來源天然生物質(zhì)碳材料的合成、優(yōu)化以及作為硫載體的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展，并對其未來的發(fā)展前景做出展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 生物質(zhì)；碳材料；鋰硫電池；正極材料；多孔結(jié)構(gòu)
（1. State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shangdong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
2. Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shangdong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
3. Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China）
Abstract:Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries exhibit high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mA·h/g) and energy density (2600 W·h/kg), thus they are regarded as one of the most promising high energy density storage systems. In spite of these significant advantages, there are several problems and challenges that have to be solved for Li-S batteries. For example, the low electrical conductivity of sulfur, shuttle effect and loss of active substances caused by the polysulfide dissolved in electrolyte, and the volume expansion during the delithium/lithium intercalation reaction, directly lead to low coulombic efficiency, poor cyclical stability, rapid capacity decay, which seriously hinder the commercialization of Li-S batteries. In recent years, natural biomass-derived carbon materials, as sulphur-coated materials, have been widely used as cathode materials, showing excellent electrochemical performance. Their natural advantages of high conductivity, large specific surface area, heterogeneous element doping and low price can greatly improve the utilization rate of sulfur and inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfide. This paper systematically summarizes the synthesis and optimization of natural biomass-derived carbon materials from diverse sources, and their applications as the hosts for storing sulfur. Moreover, the future research direction of electrode materials is prospected.
Key words: biomass; carbon materials; lithium-sulfur battery; cathode material; porous structure
