(重慶大學(xué) 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，重慶 401331)
摘 要: 鎳基電極材料具有理論比電容較高、原料經(jīng)濟(jì)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但由于缺乏高比表面積，電導(dǎo)率相對(duì)較低，阻礙了其在超級(jí)電容器的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。鎳基復(fù)合材料是一類由鎳基化合物與一種或多種不同材料組成的復(fù)合材料，有效地結(jié)合了鎳基化合物和其他材料的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如良好的導(dǎo)電性和較大的比表面積等，可以克服單一鎳基材料的缺點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性和較高的比容量，在超級(jí)電容器電極材料領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。鎳基復(fù)合材料的合成方法多種多樣，如水熱溶劑熱法、化學(xué)浴沉積法、溶膠-凝膠法、化學(xué)沉淀法、電化學(xué)沉積法等。根據(jù)鎳基復(fù)合材料的維度分類，可分為0D、1D、2D、3D四類復(fù)合材料，本文重點(diǎn)綜述了這四類復(fù)合材料的在超級(jí)電容器中的應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎳基；復(fù)合材料；超級(jí)電容器；合成方法
（School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China）
Abstract:Nickel-based electrode materials have the advantages of higher theoretical specific capacitance and economical raw materials, et al. However, due to the lack of high specific surface area and relatively low conductivity, their practical application in supercapacitors is hindered. Nickel-based composite materials are a type of composite materials composed of nickel-based compounds and one or more different materials, which effectively combine the advantages of nickel-based compounds and other materials, such as good electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. They can overcome the shortcomings of a single nickel-based material, achieve excellent cycle stability and higher specific capacity, and have broad application prospects in the field of supercapacitor electrode materials. There are many ways to synthesize nickel-based composite materials, such as hydrothermal solvothermal method, chemical bath deposition method, sol-gel method, chemical precipitation method, electrochemical deposition method and so on. According to the dimensional classification of nickel-based composite materials, it can be divided into four types of composite materials: 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D. The applications of these four types of composite materials in supercapacitors were mainly reviewed.
Key words: nickel-based; composite material; supercapacitor; synthesize method
