(1. 江蘇科技大學 冶金與材料工程學院，鎮(zhèn)江 215600；
2. 廣東省科學院資源利用與稀土開發(fā)研究所，廣州 510650；
3. 廣東省稀土開發(fā)及應用重點實驗室，廣州 510650；
4. 稀有金屬分離與綜合利用國家重點實驗室，廣州 510650)
摘 要: 針對鋅置換渣中有價金屬元素種類多、物相組成復雜的特點，本研究提出采用一段常壓-二段氧壓浸出的方法高效浸出鋅置換渣中的有價金屬。采用XRD和SEM-EDS對浸出渣物相以及形貌進行了分析。結(jié)果表明：在硫酸濃度1.5 mol/L、溫度80 ℃、液固比7.5 mL/g、浸出時間3 h的條件下，常壓浸出過程中Cu、Zn、Cd、Fe、Ni、Ga和Ge的浸出率分別為97.48%、99.43%、99.82%、97.21%、98.97%、97.74%、82.46%。對常壓浸出渣進行二段氧壓浸出，在氧氣分壓0.6 MPa以及硫酸濃度為0.25 mol/L條件下，Cu和Ge的浸出率可進一步分別提高至99.87%和91.66%。通過兩段浸出，原來在置換渣中存在的Cu、Zn、Fe等物相消失，浸出渣主要由Pb和Si組成；鉛的主要物相為PbSO4，Si以粒徑較小的聚合硅膠顆粒和塊狀SiO2顆粒形式存在；聚合硅膠顆粒和塊狀SiO2顆粒中Ge含量較高，對Ge的浸出造成不利影響。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋅置換渣；鎵；鍺；浸出率
（1. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 215600, China;
2. Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application, Guangzhou 510650, China;
4. State Key Laboratory of Separation and Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Metals, Guangzhou 510650, China）
Abstract:In this study, a novel leaching method combined with atmospheric leaching with oxygen pressure leaching was proposed to extract valuable metals from zinc refinery residues owing to high contents of valuable metals and complex phases compositions. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses were used to detect the transformation of phase and morphology. The results show that, during the atmospheric leaching, the leaching rates of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Ga and Ge are 97.48%, 99.43%, 99.82%, 97.21%, 98.97%, 97.74% and 82.46%, respectively, under conditions with H2SO4 solution of 1.5 mol/L, liquid solid ratio of 7.5 mL/g, temperature of 80 °C and leaching time of 3 h. Subsequently, the leaching rates of Cu and Ge can increase to 99.87% and 91.66%, respectively, in a 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 solution with an oxygen partial pressure of 0.6 MPa through the second stage pressure leaching. The leaching residue is mainly composed of PbSO4 and SiO2, whereas Cu, Zn, Fe and other phases absolutely disappear. Moreover, these containing Si particles can be divided into polymerized silica gel particles with smaller particle size and massive SiO2 particles. These containing Si particles presents a relatively high Ge content, resulting in a low Ge leaching rate.
Key words: zinc refinery residue; gallium; germanium; leaching ratio
