(1. 湖南有色金屬研究院 復(fù)雜銅鉛鋅共伴生金屬資源綜合利用湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長(zhǎng)沙 410001；
2. 中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 復(fù)雜難處理的氧化銅礦具有氧化率高、結(jié)合率高、礦物組成復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)。孔雀石是一種典型氧化銅礦，其在礦漿中會(huì)與水的偶極子相互吸引形而成定向排列的水化膜，不利于浮選。孔雀石在硫化浮選過(guò)程中，其表面形成的硫化面積小、硫化物不穩(wěn)定且易脫落。本文對(duì)硫酸銨增強(qiáng)硫化效果進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)銨鹽對(duì)氧化銅礦表面的硫化具有明顯的促進(jìn)作用，且能有效地提高孔雀石硫化浮選回收率。對(duì)溶液中S元素組分分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，在孔雀石浮選的最佳浮選pH范圍內(nèi)，HS-為主要的含硫組分，推測(cè)HS-是孔雀石硫化的主要物質(zhì)。Zeta電位結(jié)果表明：硫酸銨的加入能促進(jìn)HS-/S2-等負(fù)離子在礦物表面吸附。原子力顯微鏡(AFM)測(cè)試分析表明，硫酸銨提高了孔雀石表面硫化物的穩(wěn)定性。X射線光電子能譜(XPS)研究表明，硫化過(guò)程是硫離子與礦物表面的銅離子發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)過(guò)程，硫酸銨的加入能促進(jìn)這一氧化還原反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，提高硫化效率。基于硫酸銨促進(jìn)活化硫化浮選機(jī)理的研究，形成了先硫后氧-深度活化氧化銅礦異步浮選新工藝，并且成功地應(yīng)用于華剛礦業(yè)的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，大幅提高氧化銅礦浮選回收率。
關(guān)鍵字: 氧化銅礦；活化；硫化；浮選；表面吸附
（1. Hunan Provincal Key Laboratory of Complex Copper Lead Zinc Associated Metal Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Changsha 410001, China;
2. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Complex and refractory copper oxide ore is characterized by high oxidation rate, high binding rate, and complex mineral composition, making it extremely difficult to beneficiate. Malachite is a typical copper oxide ore. It will attract the dipoles of water in the slurry to form a oriented hydrophilic hydration film, which is not conducive to flotation. During the sulfidization flotation process, the sulfide film formed by malachite and the sulfurizing agent is small, unstable and easy to fall off. In this paper, a systematic study on the enhanced sulfidation effect of ammonium sulfate was carried out, and it is found that ammonium salt has a strong activation and activation effect on the flotation of copper sulfide oxide ore, and can effectively improve the recovery rate of malachite sulfide flotation. According the analysis of the S element in the solution, it is found that HS- is the main sulfur component in the optimal flotation pH range, and it is speculated that HS- is the main sulfide substance of malachite sulfide. Zeta potential results show that the addition of ammonium sulfate can promote the adsorption of negative ions, such as HS-/S2- on the surface of minerals. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) test analysis shows that ammonium sulfate improves the stability and sulfur content of the sulfide on the surface of malachite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the sulfide process is the oxidation-reduction of sulfide ions and copper on the surface of minerals. Adding ammonium sulfate can promote this reaction and improve the sulfidization efficiency. And the successful application of ammonium sulfate to promote sulfidization activation in the production practice of Huagang Mining. It has greatly improved the recovery of copper oxide ore flotation.
Key words: copper oxide ore; activation; sulfidization; flotation; surface adsorption
