(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開(kāi)采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與資源工程學(xué)院，北京 100083；
3. 北京市建筑節(jié)能與建筑材料管理辦公室，北京 101160)
摘 要: 針對(duì)全尾砂充填采用水泥作膠結(jié)劑導(dǎo)致的成本較高的問(wèn)題，本文利用當(dāng)?shù)毓虖U資源開(kāi)發(fā)低成本膠凝材料，并基于礦山要求優(yōu)化料漿配比。首先，基于試驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)行物化分析，采用正交試驗(yàn)、極差分析和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等方法確定鎂渣膠凝材料配比為鎂渣30%、脫硫石膏12%、礦渣微粉58%；然后，采用XRD和SEM等手段分析其水化機(jī)理；最后，基于熵權(quán)多屬性決策法進(jìn)行料漿配比優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)，以7 d強(qiáng)度、28 d強(qiáng)度、坍落度、泌水率和充填成本為指標(biāo)優(yōu)化料漿配比。結(jié)果表明：采用鎂渣膠凝材料時(shí)，料漿優(yōu)化配比為膠砂比1:4，料漿質(zhì)量濃度為72%，并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，得到相應(yīng)的7 d強(qiáng)度、28 d強(qiáng)度、坍落度和泌水率分別為2.72 MPa、8.49 MPa、20.0 cm和6.5%，均滿足礦山要求，且充填成本為111 CNY/m3，較原來(lái)使用水泥時(shí)的充填成本192 CNY/m3，降低了42.2%。
關(guān)鍵字: 充填采礦法；鎂渣；膠凝材料；神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)；熵權(quán)多屬性決策；配比優(yōu)化
（1. Key Laboratory of High Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Beijing Building Energy Conservation and Building Materials Management Office, Beijing 101160, China）
Abstract:In view of the high cost of cement for full tailings filling, the low-cost cementitious materials were developed by using local solid waste resources, and the slurry ratio was optimized based on mine requirements. Firstly, the proportion of magnesium slag cementitious material was determined by the orthogonal test, the range analysis and BP neural network based on the physicochemical analysis of the test materials. The mass fraction of magnesium slag (MS) was 30%, that of desulfurization gypsum (DSG) was 12% and that of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was 58%. Then, the hydration mechanism was analyzed by XRD and SEM. Finally, the slurry ratio optimization test was carried out based on entropy weight multi-attribute decision with 7 d strength, 28 d strength, slump, bleeding rate and filling cost as indexes. The results show that, when using magnesium slag cementitious material, the proportioning optimization of filling slurry is cement/tailings ratio (C/T) of 1:4, and mass concentration (MC) of 72%. The verification tests are carried out, and the corresponding 7 d strength, 28 d strength, slump and bleeding rate (BR) are obtained, which are 2.72 MPa, 8.49 MPa, 20.0 cm and 6.5%, respectively. These indexes meet the requirements of the mine, and the filling cost (FC) is 111 CNY/m3, which is 42.2% lower than the original FC of 192 CNY/m3 when using cement.
Key words: filling mining method; magnesium slag; cementitious material; neural network; entropy weight multi-attribute decision; proportioning optimization
