(1. 昆明理工大學(xué) 國土資源工程學(xué)院，昆明 650093；
2. 金屬礦尾礦資源綠色綜合利用國家地方聯(lián)合工程研究中心，昆明 650093；
3. 云南緣礦科技開發(fā)有限公司，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 釹鐵硼(NdFeB)永磁材料在眾多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用，在生產(chǎn)NdFeB永磁材料的過程中，會產(chǎn)生大量廢料，直接丟棄不僅會污染環(huán)境，還是對二次資源的浪費。本文綜述了NdFeB永磁廢料中稀土循環(huán)利用的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀，對比分析了氯化法、合金法、選擇氧化法等火法在工業(yè)應(yīng)用中的現(xiàn)狀和存在的不足；并且詳細闡述了全溶法、鹽酸優(yōu)溶法、草酸沉淀法、硫酸復(fù)鹽法、溶劑萃取法等濕法的研究情況，深入剖析了不同方法存在的局限和優(yōu)勢；同時，介紹了電沉積法、生物浸出法、氫化法、機械化學(xué)法等新技術(shù)方法的研究現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上，展望了未來回收循環(huán)利用NdFeB永磁廢料中稀土技術(shù)方法發(fā)展的方向。
關(guān)鍵字: 釹鐵硼永磁材料；廢料；稀土；循環(huán)利用；火法；濕法
（1. Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Metal Mine Tailings Resources, Kunming 650093, China;
3. Yunnan Yuankuang Technology Development Co., Ltd., Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials are widely used in many fields. In the process of producing NdFeB permanent magnet materials, a large amount of waste will be generated. Direct discarding will not only pollute the environment, but also waste secondary resources. This article summarized the technical status of the recycling of rare earths in NdFeB permanent magnet waste. Comparative analysis of the current situation and shortcomings of fire methods in industrial applications such as chlorination method, alloy method, and selective oxidation method was carried out. The research status of wet methods, such as solvent extraction method, has deeply analyzed the limitations and advantages of different methods also was carried out. At the same time, the research status of new technology methods such as electrodeposition method, biological leaching method, hydrogenation method and mechanochemical method were introduced. On this basis, the future development direction of recycling and recycling of rare earth technology in NdFeB permanent magnet waste was prospected.
Key words: NdFeB permanent magnet material; waste; rare earth; recycling and utilization; fire method; wet method
