(1. 大連理工大學(xué) 遼寧省凝固控制與數(shù)字化制備技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，大連 116024；
2. 大連理工大學(xué) 寧波研究院，寧波 315000)
摘 要: 利用電感耦合等離子發(fā)射光譜儀、場(chǎng)發(fā)射電子探針、場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡、激光掃描共聚焦顯微鏡、布氏硬度計(jì)、多功能摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)，研究Sn-15Cu-xNi合金的組織及油潤(rùn)滑磨損行為。結(jié)果表明：Sn-15Cu合金中的硬質(zhì)顆粒為Cu3Sn+Cu6Sn5組成的板條狀包晶組織，添加0.1%Ni可以細(xì)化Cu3Sn并使Cu6Sn5包覆層增厚，添加0.5%Ni可以完全抑制Cu3Sn的出現(xiàn)，并使Cu6Sn5明顯細(xì)化且彌散分布，添加1%Ni后，Cu6Sn5的細(xì)化效果減弱。Sn-15Cu-xNi合金具有高載穩(wěn)定性與減摩性。在200 N載荷作用下，硬質(zhì)顆粒起承載作用，而軟基體磨損后形成的微小坑洞成為貯油空間，維持了潤(rùn)滑油膜的穩(wěn)定性。Ni含量為0.5%時(shí)，磨損表面的貯油坑洞最均勻細(xì)密，致使Sn-15Cu-0.5Ni合金具有最優(yōu)的磨損性能。
關(guān)鍵字: 顯微組織；摩擦磨損；軸瓦；錫基合金
（1. Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
2. Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China）
Abstract:The microstructure and tribological properties of Sn-15Cu-xNi alloy were studied by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, electron probe microscope analyzer, scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, Brinell hardness tester, and multi-specimen test machine. The results show that the particles in Sn-15Cu alloy are the peritectic structure composed of Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5. Adding 0.1% Ni can refine Cu3Sn and thicken the Cu6Sn5 coating layer. Adding 0.5% Ni can completely inhibit Cu3Sn and make Cu6Sn5 more refined. The refinement effect of Cu6Sn5 is reduced after adding 1% Ni. The Sn-15Cu-xNi alloy exhibits high-load stability and anti-friction properties. Under load of 200 N, the hard particles play bearing role, and the tiny pits formed after the soft substrate wear out become the oil storage space, maintaining the stability of the lubricating oil film. When the Ni content is 0.5%, the oil storage pitting on the worn surface are the most uniform, so the Sn-15Cu-0.5Ni alloy has the best wear performance.
Key words: microstructure; friction and wear; bearing shell; tin-based alloy
