(山東大學(xué) 能源與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院，燃煤污染物減排國家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室，環(huán)境熱工技術(shù)教育部工程研究中心，山東省能源碳減排技術(shù)與資源化利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，山東省固廢綠色材料工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室，濟(jì)南 250061)
摘 要: 鋁灰是鋁電解、加工和再生過程中排放的有害固體廢棄物。我國鋁灰年排放量超過300萬t，其中90%的鋁灰采用填埋處理，引發(fā)了極大的環(huán)境問題。在我國綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的迫切需求下，推動(dòng)鋁灰資源化和無害化利用已迫在眉睫。目前，一次鋁灰資源化技術(shù)多采用火法冶金工藝，二次鋁灰資源化技術(shù)多采用火法工藝和濕法工藝；鋁灰無害化技術(shù)多采用水解、焙燒等工藝。但是，目前鋁灰處置技術(shù)普遍存在水平低、能耗高、效益差、二次污染等問題，嚴(yán)重制約鋁灰的規(guī)模化利用，亟需創(chuàng)新發(fā)展新工藝，提升鋁灰的資源屬性。本文介紹了鋁灰的分類及特性，綜述了一次鋁灰、二次鋁灰的資源化技術(shù)，總結(jié)了主要毒害物質(zhì)的脫除技術(shù)，展望了未來鋁灰處理的發(fā)展方向。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁灰；回收利用；冶金；建筑材料；無害化技術(shù)
（School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China）
Abstract:Aluminum dross is a harmful solid waste discharged from the process of aluminum electrolysis, processing and regeneration. The annual emission of aluminum dross in China is more than 3 million tons, 90% of which is treated by landfill, causing serious environmental problems. Under the urgent need of green and low-carbon cycle development in China, it is urgent to promote the resourceful and harmless utilization of aluminum dross. At present, the primary aluminum dross recycling technology mostly adopts pyrometallurgical routes, and the secondary aluminum dross recycling technology mostly adopts pyrometallurgical routes and hydrometallurgical routes. The harmless utilization technology of aluminum dross mostly adopts hydrolysis, roasting and other processes. However, there are many problems in the recycling processes of aluminum dross, such as low utilization level, energy intensive, low profit, secondary pollution and so on, which seriously restrict the large-scale disposal of aluminum dross. It is urgent to innovate and develop new processes to improve the resource properties of aluminum dross. This paper introduces the classification and characteristics of aluminum dross, summarizes the recycling technologies of primary and secondary aluminum dross, reviews the removal technology of main toxic substances and proposes the future development directions for aluminum dross.
Key words: aluminum dross; recycling; metallurgy; building materials; harmless technology
