(江蘇科技大學(xué) 海洋裝備研究院，鎮(zhèn)江 212003)
摘 要: 鋁合金具備質(zhì)輕、比強度高、抗蝕性優(yōu)良等特性，已廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、船舶海工、汽車工業(yè)等高端精密制造領(lǐng)域。基于激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)成形的鋁合金零件滿足復(fù)雜定制結(jié)構(gòu)件輕量化和功能一體化的制造需求，在船舶海工領(lǐng)域具有潛在的發(fā)展空間和優(yōu)勢。本文概述了激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)成形鋁合金的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)難點，包括快速凝固過程中缺陷的形成機理及工藝控制途徑，重點介紹了國內(nèi)外采用激光選區(qū)熔化技術(shù)成形Al-Mg-Sc-Zr高強鋁合金的研究現(xiàn)狀及重要進展，討論了未來研究中的難點問題和發(fā)展趨勢，為其在船舶海工領(lǐng)域的工程應(yīng)用和機理探索提供思路。
關(guān)鍵字: 高強鋁合金；激光選區(qū)熔化；缺陷；Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相；熱處理；腐蝕性能
（Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China）
Abstract:The aluminum alloys have the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, which have been widely applied in aerospace, marine engineering, automotive industry and other advanced and precise manufacturing fields. The aluminum alloy parts formed based on the selective laser melting technology can meet the manufacturing requirements of complex customized structures for lightweight and functional integration, displaying potential development space and advantages in the field of ship and marine engineering. The key technical difficulties of selective laser melted high strength aluminum alloy were summarized, including the formation mechanism of defects during rapid solidification and process control methods. The research status and important progress of selective laser melted Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high strength aluminum alloy at home and abroad were mainly introduced. The difficult problems and future development trends were discussed. These provide ideas for the engineering application and mechanism exploration in the field of ship and marine engineering.
Key words: high strength aluminum alloy; selective laser melting; defects; Al3(Sc,Zr) precipitated phase; heat treatment; corrosion property
