(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與資源工程學(xué)院，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083；
3. 北京科技大學(xué) 城市地下空間工程北京市重點實驗室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 通過X射線衍射、熱重、掃描電鏡等手段聯(lián)合強(qiáng)度實驗，從宏微觀角度對比分析了3種典型膠結(jié)料的水化特性，考察膠結(jié)料種類、溫度、料漿配比、超細(xì)顆粒含量對全尾砂固化特性的影響。結(jié)果表明：冶金渣膠結(jié)材料通過堿激發(fā)、鹽激法、耦合激發(fā)可完全消耗自身產(chǎn)生的氫氧化鈣，生成額外凝膠類水化產(chǎn)物，有利于尾砂膠結(jié)；冶金渣膠結(jié)材料僅需水泥一半的灰砂比即可獲得同等固化性能；超細(xì)顆粒對充填體早期強(qiáng)度的影響更顯著；在40 ℃高溫養(yǎng)護(hù)下，充填體的早期強(qiáng)度與20 ℃養(yǎng)護(hù)的后期強(qiáng)度有線性關(guān)系，可據(jù)此實現(xiàn)材料質(zhì)量的快速檢測。冶金渣充填膠結(jié)材料在實際應(yīng)用中需考慮成本、地域性特征，完善等級標(biāo)號相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與評價體系，關(guān)注熱應(yīng)力對充填體長期穩(wěn)定性的影響。
關(guān)鍵字: 冶金渣；超細(xì)全尾砂；膠結(jié)充填；膠凝材料；固化特性
（1. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of High Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:The hydration properties of 3 typical backfill binders were experimentally investigated from macro and micro perspectives through X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscope and strength tests. The effects of binder type, temperature, mixture composition and ultra-fine particle content on the tailings solidification characteristics were explored. The findings reveal that metallurgical slag-based binder (MSB) can completely consume self-generated calcium hydroxide to produce more gel-like products through alkali, sulfate and combined activation methods, which is favorable for binding ultra-fine tailings. The similar mechanical strength is obtained for MSB-CPB at halved cement to tailings ratio compared to ordinary Portland cement. Ultra-fine particles have a more significant impact on the backfill early strength. High-temperature of 40 ℃ curing accelerates the early MSB-CPB strength, which is proportional to the long-term strength at normal 20 ℃ curing. This correlation can be applied for the material quality fast check. The material cost and regional variance should be considered when employing the MSB in a practical case. Some related standards and grade level evaluation systems should be improved. Attention should be paid to the effects of heat stress and high ambient temperature on the MSB-CPB long-term stability.
Key words: metallurgical slag; ultra-fine tailings; cemented backfill; cementitious material; bounding property
