(1. 長沙有色冶金設(shè)計研究院有限公司，長沙410019；
2. 深井礦山安全高效開采技術(shù)湖南省工程研究中心，長沙410019；
3. 中南大學資源與安全工程學院，長沙410083)
摘 要: 瓦廠坪鋁土礦是國內(nèi)首個采用綜合機械化開采工藝的有色金屬地下礦山。采用三維彈塑性有限元數(shù)值模型對綜采工作面回采過程進行了計算模擬，揭示了工作面頂、底板圍巖的變形特征和采動應(yīng)力的空間分布特征與演化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：1)工作面礦層采出后，采空區(qū)頂板發(fā)生沉降變形，底板發(fā)生鼓起變形；變形量在工作面中部最大，往兩端逐漸減小；工作面長度越長，頂、底板變形越大。2)采動應(yīng)力在工作面兩端和前后方產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中，形成高支承壓力區(qū)；采空區(qū)頂板大范圍應(yīng)力降低，最小主應(yīng)力為近豎直向拉應(yīng)力。3)工作面前方應(yīng)力集中區(qū)隨工作面推進向前轉(zhuǎn)移，采動應(yīng)力峰值隨之逐漸增大；采空區(qū)頂板采動應(yīng)力在工作面推進過程中保持相對穩(wěn)定。研究結(jié)果對合理確定工作面長度、工作面頂板精準支護、應(yīng)力集中區(qū)穩(wěn)定性控制和采空區(qū)頂板安全管理等工作具有重要指導作用。
關(guān)鍵字: 瓦廠坪鋁土礦；綜合機械化開采；回采工作面；圍巖變形；采動應(yīng)力
（1. CINF Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, China;
2. Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Safe and Efficient Mining Technology of Deep Mines, Changsha 410019, China;
3. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Wachangping bauxite mine is the first underground non-ferrous metal mine in China that adopts the fully mechanized mining technology. A3D elastoplastic finite element model was used to simulate the stoping process of the fully mechanized mining face, and the deformation of the roof and floor of mining face as well as the spatial distribution and evolution of the mining-induced stress were revealed. The results show that: (1) When the mining face is mined, the roof of mined-out area is subsided and the floor is heaved; the deformation is the largest in the middle of mining face and gradually decreases towards both ends; the longer the length of mining face, the greater the deformation of the roof and floor. (2) The mining-induced stress produces stress concentration at both ends and the front and rear of mining face, forming high supporting pressure areas; at a large range of the roof of mined-out area, the mining-induced stress is reduced and the minimum principal stress is tensile stress nearly vertical. (3) The stress concentration area in front of mining face shifts forward with the advancing of mining face, and the peak value of mining-induced stress gradually increases accordingly; the mining-induced stress of the roof of mined-out area remains relatively stable in the advancing process of mining face. The research results have important guiding roles in the reasonable determination of the length of mining face, the precise support of the mining face roof, the stability control of the stress concentration area, and the safety management of the roof of mined-out area.
Key words: Wachangping bauxite mine; fully mechanized mining; mining face; surrounding rock deformation; Mining-induced stress
