(1. 中南大學 地球科學與信息物理學院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學 有色金屬成礦預測與地質環(huán)境監(jiān)測教育部重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦作為鋰礦的重要來源，全球分布十分廣泛，引起了世界各國的勘查興趣。本文通過對國內外的重要的花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦礦床地質特征和研究進展進行總結歸納，獲得以下認識：1) 花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦分布廣泛且資源量大，是鋰資源的主要開發(fā)對象；2) 不管是穩(wěn)定的地臺，還是活躍的造山帶，都可能是花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦的成礦構造環(huán)境；3) 礦床從太古宙到新生代都有發(fā)育，但中國的花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦成礦主要集中在燕山期；4) 鋰成礦具有循環(huán)性的特征，花崗偉晶巖中的鋰也可由沉積巖提供；一般以中高壓、中溫成礦流體為主，并具有低鹽度的特征。此外，鋰同位素近年來已成為一個鋰成礦過程的良好示蹤工具，巖體鋰同位素組成可以反映花崗巖和偉晶巖在形成時的源區(qū)性質。國內外學者對偉晶巖型鋰礦的鋰同位素分餾機制開展了一系列研究，普遍認為花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦與花崗巖巖漿結晶分異作用、地殼部分熔融密切相關。且鋰同位素的特征可指示鋰礦母巖成因類型，對于找礦方向的厘定有一定的指示意義，顯示出重要的研究與應用前景。不同地區(qū)的花崗偉晶巖型鋰礦床在礦體形態(tài)、遙感、地球化學、地球物理等特征方面表現(xiàn)出較大差異性，找礦過程中應尋找最有效的勘查技術手段，因地制宜，拓展找礦思路。
關鍵字: 花崗偉晶巖；鋰輝石；成礦時代；鋰同位素；找礦方向
（1. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits are distributed extensively around the world, and as a significant source of lithium resources, they have aroused the exploration interest of all countries all over the world. This paper summarized metallogenic characteristics and the trends of the major granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits at home and abroad, and the main findings were as follows: 1) Global granitic pegmatite-type lithium resources are abundant and widely distributed, which can be used as a very potential mining target; 2) The metallogenic tectonic environment can be stable platform or active orogenic belt; 3) The metallogenic epoch can be old to the Archean or new to the Cenozoic, but in China the major ore-forming stage is in the Yanshanian period; 4) The mineralization of lithium cyclical, and lithium in granitic pegmatites may inherited from sedimentary rocks. Most of the ore-forming fluids formed under the conditions of medium-high pressure, medium temperature and low salinity. In addition, lithium isotopes have become a good tracer to study various complex metallogenic processes, and can provide evidence for the magmatic source of granites and pegmatites. A series of studies have been carried out on the lithium isotopes fractionation mechanism of granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits. It’s proposed that the main genesis of the granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits may be the crystallization of granite or the partial melting of the crust. The characteristics of Li isotopes can be used to distinguish the genetic types of the parent rock of the mineralization, which has an indicating significance for the prospecting direction and shows a critical prospect. The granite pegmatite type lithium deposits in different areas show great differences in ore body morphology, remote sensing, geochemistry and geophysics characteristics, so it’s urgent for us to seek for the most effective prospecting technology based on the conditions, and expand the prospecting methods.
Key words: lithium resource; metallogenic epoch; spodumene; Li isotopes; prospecting direction
