(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 清華大學(xué) 核能與新能源技術(shù)研究院，北京 100084)
摘 要: 隨著電動汽車等新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，鋰離子電池需求量不斷增大，而大量鋰離子電池的使用，必將引發(fā)報廢潮。一方面，廢舊鋰離子電池易燃易爆，含有氟化物等毒害組分，必須進行無害化處理；另一方面，廢舊鋰離子電池具有資源屬性，含有豐富的鎳、鈷、錳、鋰等有價金屬組分。因此，廢舊鋰離子電池的回收不僅可以保護環(huán)境，而且能緩解我國戰(zhàn)略金屬資源緊張局面，促進新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展，已成為目前全球研究的一個熱點方向。本文系統(tǒng)梳理了廢舊鋰離子電池材料回收的最新研究進展，重點介紹了火法和濕法回收方法，詳細分析了濕法冶金過程中的破碎、浸出、分離和再生技術(shù)，并對未來的發(fā)展趨勢和研究重點進行了展望，旨在為廢舊鋰離子電池有價金屬組分的高效回收利用提供參考。
關(guān)鍵字: 廢舊鋰離子電池；有價組分；回收；循環(huán)利用
（1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Institute of Nuclear & New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）
Abstract:With the development of new energy industries, the demand for lithium-ion battery (LIB) continues to increase. The massive use of LIBs will inevitably generate a large amount of spent LIBs. On one hand, spent LIBs contain toxic components such as fluoride and must be treated in a harmless manner. On the other hand, spent LIBs contain many valuable metal components, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium, which have resource properties. Therefore, the recycling of spent LIBs can not only protect the environment, but also alleviate the shortage of metal resources, and promote the sustainable development of the new energy industry. Currently, recycling spent LIBs has become a hot topic all over the world. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in the recovery of spent LIBs, with emphasis on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process, especially the detailed analysis of the technologies of crushing, leaching, separation and regeneration, in the hydrometallurgical process, and prospects the development trend and research focus, in order to provide reference for the efficient recovery and utilization of valuable metal components of spent LIBs.
Key words: spent lithium-ion battery; valuable component; recovery; recycling
