(1. 上海交通大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，上海200240；
2. 上海交通大學(xué) 輕合金精密成型國家工程研究中心，上海 200240；
3. 上海交通大學(xué) 氫科學(xué)中心，上海 200240；
4. 上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué) 材料工程學(xué)院，上海 201620)
摘 要: 可充鎂電池因其高體積比容量、高安全性及原料鎂儲量豐富等優(yōu)勢，有望成為“雙碳”目標(biāo)下規(guī)模化儲能技術(shù)的優(yōu)選電化學(xué)器件。然而目前可充鎂電池還未能實現(xiàn)商業(yè)化，這與其存在的一些關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題尚未明晰以及技術(shù)瓶頸還未被突破等因素有關(guān)。因此，本文從可充鎂電池的安全性和能量密度出發(fā)，在梳理了可充鎂電池發(fā)展歷史的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)了可充鎂電池器件中電解液、正極和負極材料的研究進展。文中主要介紹了格氏基、磺酸基和硼基電解液對改善鎂可逆沉積/溶解和提高電壓窗口的重要作用，并對Chevrel相Mo6S8、硫化物和氧化物作為正極材料的儲鎂機制進行了詳細分析。然后對高電壓的插層正極材料(尖晶石、層狀和聚陰離子化合物)、高容量的轉(zhuǎn)化正極材料(硫、氧和有機分子)和高功率的活性炭正極進行了著重介紹。此外，從電解液/電極界面反應(yīng)機制著手，對鎂、鎂合金、鉍和錫等金屬以及石墨等負極材料進行了梳理分析。最后，本文從材料設(shè)計、器件匹配和應(yīng)用場景角度，對可充鎂電池未來商業(yè)化的挑戰(zhàn)進行了總結(jié)和展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 可充鎂電池；電解液；正極材料；負極材料；發(fā)展及挑戰(zhàn)
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
2. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;
3. Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
4. School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China）
Abstract:Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are expected to be the preferred electrochemical devices for large-scale energy storage technology under the vision of achieving carbon peak and neutrality goals. RMBs have not been commercialized due to some key scientific questions and technical bottlenecks remain unresolved. In this review, we introduced the advantages of safety and energy density of RMBs, and summarized the research history and advances of electrolytes, cathode and anode materials in RMBs. The significant role of Grignard-based, sulfonic acid and boron-based electrolytes in improving reversible deposition/dissolution as well as voltage window of magnesium are discussed carefully. Meanwhile, the mechanism of magnesium ion storage of Chevrel phase Mo6S8, sulfides and oxides are analyzed in detail. Then the intercalation cathode materials with high voltage (such as spinel, layered and polyanion structure materials), conversion cathode materials with high capacity(such as sulfur, oxygen and organic molecules) and activated carbon cathode with high power are introduced and discussed. In addition, metals such as magnesium, magnesium alloys, bismuth and tin as well as graphite et al. as anode are discussed from electrolyte/electrode interface reaction mechanism. Finally, the materials and devices design and application scenarios of practical RMBs is summarized and prospected.
Key words: rechargeable magnesium batteries; electrolytes; cathode materials; anode materials; development and challenge
