(東北大學(xué) 冶金學(xué)院，沈陽 110819)
摘 要: 黃銅礦是自然界分布最廣的含銅礦物。采用濕法處理黃銅礦經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保，較低的浸出速率限制了其應(yīng)用。機(jī)械活化預(yù)處理是促進(jìn)黃銅礦浸出的重要手段，該工藝在國內(nèi)外受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文對機(jī)械活化的原理、機(jī)械活化對黃銅礦物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和浸出的影響以及機(jī)械活化在黃銅礦生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)綜述。通過機(jī)械活化可以降低黃銅礦粒度、增大比表面積、降低晶格尺寸、提高微應(yīng)變和非晶化程度等，進(jìn)而提高反應(yīng)活性、降低反應(yīng)溫度、大幅度提高浸出率和浸出速度。對于黃銅礦的機(jī)械活化濕法提取技術(shù)、降低能耗和規(guī)模化應(yīng)用依然是有待改進(jìn)的關(guān)鍵。
關(guān)鍵字: 機(jī)械活化；黃銅礦；微觀結(jié)構(gòu)；比表面積；浸出
（School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China）
Abstract:Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper resources, the hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite represents an ecologically and environmentally friendly attractive technology. However, the slow Cu leaching rate during chalcopyrite dissolution process limits its wide application. The mechanical activation is an important pretreatment method of chalcopyrite and has been concerned worldwide due to its cleanliness and efficiency. In the present paper, the principles of mechanical activation, the change of properties of chalcopyrite by mechanical activation, the influence of mechanical activation on chalcopyrite leaching, and the application in the production of chalcopyrite were systematically reviewed. The mechanical activation can improve the activity of chalcopyrite by the decrease in particle size distribution, the increase in specific surface area, the decrease in grain size, and the increase of microstrain and amorphization degree. Thus, lower reaction temperature, higher reaction rate, shorter reaction time, and other benefits can be achieved in the leaching of activated chalcopyrite. For the recovery of copper from chalcopyrite using hydrometallurgical processes, based on mechanical activation, the energy consumption and scale are the key problems to be solved in the future.
Key words: mechanical activation; chalcopyrite; microstructure; surface area; leaching
