(1. 中南大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 電子封裝與先進功能材料湖南省重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 能源和環(huán)境安全是人類21世紀面臨的最大難題之一，由于可再生能源大多受地域限制，且具有間歇性，尋找合適的儲能系統(tǒng)顯得至關(guān)重要。二次電池作為最主要的儲能系統(tǒng)，電極材料在改善電池性能方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。盡管二次電池的選擇多種多樣，電極材料的種類數(shù)不勝數(shù)，但二次電池系統(tǒng)在發(fā)展過程中面對的問題總是相似的，如易坍塌的電極材料結(jié)構(gòu)、不穩(wěn)定的界面等。本文綜述了二次電池的發(fā)展歷史，從電池?zé)崃W(xué)和動力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)角度構(gòu)建結(jié)構(gòu)-性能關(guān)系，總結(jié)了電極材料的設(shè)計原則和目前常用的優(yōu)化策略，最后針對調(diào)控手段的優(yōu)勢以及相應(yīng)存在的技術(shù)障礙進行了討論，希望為未來的電池研究開辟新途徑、帶來新機遇。
關(guān)鍵字: 二次電池；電極材料；能量儲存機制；電化學(xué)；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The issue of energy and environmental security is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind in the 21st century. Since renewable energy is mostly geographically limited and intermittent, it is of great importance to find suitable energy storage systems. The electrode materials play an important role in improving the performance of secondary battery. Although there are many choices of secondary batteries and numerous kinds of electrode materials, the problems faced by secondary battery systems in the development process are always similar, such as collapse of electrode material structure, unstable interface, etc. This review summarized the development history of secondary batteries. The relationship between structure and performance from basis of thermodynamics and kinetics, the design principle of electrode materials and the optimization strategies were also summarized. Finally, aiming at the existence of advantage of optimization strategies and the technical barriers were discussed, which was hoped to open a new avenue for future secondary batteries.
Key words: secondary batteries; electrode materials; energy storage mechanism; electrochemistry; structural design
