(1. 佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院 機(jī)電工程與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院，佛山 528000；
2. 中南大學(xué) 深圳研究院，深圳 518000；
3. 深海礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 深海多金屬結(jié)核富含鎳、鈷、銅等新能源技術(shù)發(fā)展所需的金屬，將其從數(shù)千米深海底開(kāi)采出來(lái)需要依靠獨(dú)特和高效可靠的開(kāi)采技術(shù)和裝備。本文全面總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外深海多金屬結(jié)核開(kāi)采技術(shù)及裝備的研究歷程和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。首先梳理了20世紀(jì)西方財(cái)團(tuán)進(jìn)行的深海多金屬結(jié)核采礦海試系統(tǒng)，并分析了水力管道提升式采礦系統(tǒng)原型的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性；接著全面回顧了中、韓、印等深海先驅(qū)投資者對(duì)深海多金屬結(jié)核采集及水下輸送等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的攻關(guān)；然后分析了深海多金屬結(jié)核開(kāi)采技術(shù)所面臨的商業(yè)化和高環(huán)保要求的形勢(shì)以及近期在這方面的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)及研究進(jìn)展；并且系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)了中國(guó)深海多金屬結(jié)核開(kāi)采技術(shù)研究的發(fā)展歷程。最后在此基礎(chǔ)上，展望了深海多金屬結(jié)核開(kāi)采技術(shù)研究發(fā)展面臨的機(jī)遇，以及在商業(yè)開(kāi)采要求下，深海多金屬結(jié)核開(kāi)采系統(tǒng)可能的技術(shù)方案及其高可靠、高環(huán)保、高智能的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，為我國(guó)深海多金屬結(jié)核得高效開(kāi)采技術(shù)和裝備的研究開(kāi)發(fā)提供了參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)作用。
關(guān)鍵字: 深海采礦；多金屬結(jié)核；集礦技術(shù)；水力輸送；采礦海試
（1. School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
2. Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Researches Development and Utilization Technology, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Deep-sea polymetallic nodules are rich in the metals needed for the development of new energy technologies such as nickel, cobalt and copper. Extracting them from the seabed of several thousand meters requires unique and reliable mining technology and equipment. The research history and development status of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology and equipment at home and abroad were comprehensively summarized in this article. First of all, the deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining sea trial system conducted by the Western consortium in the last century was sorted out, and the technical and economic feasibility of the prototype hydraulic pipeline-lift mining system was analyzed. Next, the research of key deep-sea polymetallic nodules collection and underwater transportation by deep-sea pioneer investors such as China, Republic of Korea and India were reviewed. Then, the situation of commercialization and high environmental protection requirements faced by deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology, and the recent development and research progress in this area were analyzed. Finally, on this basis, the opportunities faced by the research and development of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology, and under the requirements of commercial mining, the possible technical solutions of the deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining system were prospected. The research provides reference value and guidance for the research and development of high-efficiency mining technology and equipment for deep-sea polymetallic nodules.
Key words: deep-sea mining; polymetallic nodules; mining technology; hydraulic transportation; mining test
