(1. 中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局 廣州海洋地質(zhì)調(diào)查局 自然資源部海底礦產(chǎn)資源重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，廣州 510075；
2. 南方海洋科學(xué)與工程廣東省實(shí)驗(yàn)室(廣州)，廣州 511458；
3. 自然資源部第一海洋研究所，青島2066061；
4. 中國地質(zhì)大學(xué) 海洋學(xué)院，北京100083；
5. 中國大洋礦產(chǎn)資源研究開發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)，北京 100860；
6. 自然資源部第二海洋研究所，杭州 310012)
摘 要: 利用我國富鈷結(jié)殼勘探合同區(qū)多年航次調(diào)查資料和大量樣品測(cè)試分析結(jié)果，對(duì)合同區(qū)結(jié)殼礦床地質(zhì)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。結(jié)果表明：板狀結(jié)殼是合同區(qū)主要結(jié)殼類型，主要連片發(fā)育在海山平頂邊緣及海山斜坡基巖之上；礫狀結(jié)殼和鈷結(jié)核零星分布于海山山頂、斜坡平緩處、斜坡坡腳等平坦地形處。合同區(qū)結(jié)殼主要由水羥錳礦與鐵相礦物(FeOOH)組成，還可見微量自然金、自然銀、自然銅、自然錫等單質(zhì)礦物及銅錫合金礦物；結(jié)殼中Co平均含量為0.40%，ΣREE平均含量為2158 μg/g。成因類型屬水成型大洋鐵錳沉積礦床，主要生長期包括79~66 Ma、54 Ma、41 Ma、35~28 Ma、18~10 Ma和6~0 Ma，平均生長速率為3.69 mm/Ma。結(jié)殼成礦經(jīng)歷了鐵錳礦物相形成、微量元素富集和后期改造三個(gè)主要過程；結(jié)殼中有用元素的富集與鐵錳礦物表面能有關(guān)，磷酸鹽化事件促進(jìn)了釔的富集。
關(guān)鍵字: 富鈷結(jié)殼；礦床地質(zhì)；中國合同區(qū)；西太平洋
（1. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China;
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China;
3. First Oceanography Institute of Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 2066061, China;
4. School of Ocean Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 10083, China;
5. China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRA), Beijing 100860, China;
6. Second Oceanography Institute of Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China）
Abstract:Using the data of cruises in many years and the analysis results of cobalt-rich crusts, the mineral deposit characteristics of Fe-Mn crusts in the COMRA contract area were studied. The results show that, the plate crust is the main type in the contract area, which is usually continuously distributed on the flat top edge of the seamount and the substrate rocks of the seamount slope. Gravel-like crusts and nodules are often discontinuously distributed on flat terrain such as the top of seamounts, the gentle area of slopes and the foot of slopes. The cobalt-rich crusts are mainly composed of vernadite and iron hydroxide(FeOOH), trace natural gold, silver, copper, tin and copper-tin minerals are also found. The average content of Co in crusts is 0.40%, the average content of ΣREE in crusts is 2158 μg/g. The genetic type of crusts in the contract area belongs to hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits, the main growth periods include 79-66 Ma, 54 Ma, 41 Ma, 35-28 Ma, 18-10 Ma and 6-0 Ma, the average growth rate is 3.69 mm/Ma. The formation of crusts undertook the following three main stages: ferromanganese mineral phase formation, trace element enrichment and later transformation. Enrichment of the valuable elements may be caused by the surface energy of ferromanganese minerals. Phosphatization events promoted the yttrium enrichment.
Key words: cobalt-rich Fe-Mn crusts; mineral deposit characteristics; COMRA contract area; Western Pacific Ocean
