(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 戰(zhàn)略含鈣礦物資源清潔高效利用湖南省重點實驗室，長沙 410083；
3. 湖南郴州金貴有色金屬(集團)有限公司，郴州 4230383)
摘 要: 隨著社會的發(fā)展，我國對礦產(chǎn)資源的需求日益增加，礦山廢石的大量堆積不僅造成礦產(chǎn)資源的嚴重浪費，而且占據(jù)大量土地，還會帶來嚴重的安全問題和環(huán)境污染。針對我國礦山廢石堆存量大、增長快、廢石種類及成分復(fù)雜、廢石資源化綜合利用率低等特點，本文總結(jié)了礦山廢石的危害和現(xiàn)行的處理及利用方式，詳述礦山廢石用于回收有價金屬及進一步的廢石回填、覆土造田、制造建筑材料等主要處理方式的特點、發(fā)展及應(yīng)用情況，并歸納展望礦山廢石未來可能研究發(fā)展的重點方向，提出礦山廢石資源化利用的可行性建議。指出礦山廢石的資源化綜合利用的跨區(qū)域集聚處理、多領(lǐng)域多產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同處理和分類分段處理是日后研究的關(guān)鍵。確定礦山廢石堆存量以及成分、粒度、有價金屬的含量是礦山廢石綜合利用的重要前提。制定合理方案對礦山廢石進行分類分段處理是提高礦山廢石綜合利用率的重要步驟。
關(guān)鍵字: 礦山廢石；環(huán)境污染；資源化；綜合利用
（1. School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Key Laboratory for clean and efficient utilization of strategic calcium bearing mineral resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Jin Gui Non-ferrous Metal (Group) Co., Ltd., Chenzhou 423038, China）
Abstract:With the development of society, China’s demand for mineral resources is increasing. The accumulation of large amounts of waste rock in mines not only causes a serious waste of mineral resources, but also occupies a large amount of land, and it also brings serious safety problems and environmental pollution. In view of the characteristics of large mine waste rock piles, rapid growth, complicated waste rock types and compositions, and low comprehensive utilization rate of waste rock resources in china, this paper summarizes the hazards and the current treatment and utilization methods of waste rock, describe the characteristics, development and application of the main treatment methods of mine waste rock for recycling valuable metals and further waste rock backfilling, covering soil and making fields, manufacturing building materials, and summarize the key directions of possible research and development of mine waste rock and put forward the mine Feasibility suggestions for the utilization of waste rock resources. It is pointed out that the cross-regional agglomeration processing, multi-field multi-industry collaborative processing and classification and segmentation processing of the comprehensive utilization of waste rock resources in the mine are the key points for future research. It is an important prerequisite for comprehensive utilization of mine waste rock to determine the mine waste rock stock, composition, particle size, and content of valuable metals. It is an important step to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of mine waste rock by adopting a reasonable plan to classify and treat mine waste rock.
Key words: mine waste rock; environmental pollution; recycling; comprehensive utilization
