(1. 東北大學(xué) 冶金學(xué)院，沈陽 110819；
2. 山東黃金集團，濟南 250101；
3. 赤峰柴胡欄子黃金礦業(yè)有限公司，赤峰 024039)
摘 要: 迄今為止氰化物仍是黃金冶煉行業(yè)主要使用的浸金藥劑，我國黃金行業(yè)每年產(chǎn)出的氰化尾渣約1億t。由于氰化尾渣不可避免夾帶有毒的可溶性氰根，因此被列入《國家危險廢物名錄》，對氰化尾渣的高效、低成本脫氰處理是所有黃金冶煉企業(yè)面對的共同難題。針對氰化尾渣的性質(zhì)和特點，目前已有多種氰渣無害化處理技術(shù)，部分已實現(xiàn)工業(yè)應(yīng)用。但由于氰渣中存在各種形態(tài)的氰化物和硫氰化物，且國家及地方政府的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日趨嚴(yán)格，氰化尾渣脫氰技術(shù)的應(yīng)用面臨嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。本文對各類氰化尾渣脫氰技術(shù)進行綜述，基于各種方法的原理對其特點及局限性進行分析，并對壓濾-洗滌技術(shù)在氰化尾渣處理的應(yīng)用進行討論和展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 氰化尾渣；危險廢物；氰化；無害化；壓濾；濾餅洗滌
（1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China;
2. Shandong Gold Group Co. Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
3. Chifeng Chaihulanzi Gold Mining Co. Ltd., Chifeng 024039, China）
Abstract:Up to now, cyanide has still been the dominant lixiviant used in the gold extraction. In China, there are about 100 million tons of cyanide containing tailings produced by gold industry every year. As the cyanide tailing inevitably entrains soluble cyanide and its derivative, like cyanate and thiocyanate, it has been enlisted in the National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes. Thus the high-efficient and low-cost de-toxicity treatment of cyanide tailing is a common problem faced by all gold extraction enterprises. According to the different properties and characteristics of the cyanide tailings, many kinds of harmless treatment technologies have been developed and in developing, and some of them have come into commercial practice. However, due to the complexity of existing of various forms of cyanide-related compounds and thiocyanate in cyanide tailings and the increasingly strict environmental standards of national and local governments, great challenge is still posed on the R&D of new treatment technologies. In this paper, a comprehensive review for the cyanide tailings treatment technique was summarized, related to their fundamental mechanism and their practical limitation. Special comment was addressed for the potential application of filter-pressing & cake-washing technology on the treatment of cyanide tailings.
Key words: cyanide tailing; hazardous wastes; cyanidation; cyanide destruction; pressure filtering; cake washing
