(1. 中南大學(xué) 輕合金研究院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；
3. 航天材料及工藝研究所，北京 100076)
摘 要: 大型航天低溫推進(jìn)劑貯箱由“金屬”到“復(fù)合材料”的更新?lián)Q代已成為世界航天工業(yè)發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì)。憑借復(fù)合材料在質(zhì)量和成本方面的巨大優(yōu)勢(shì)，大型航天低溫復(fù)合材料貯箱被認(rèn)為是未來(lái)火星探測(cè)、載人登月等大型航天任務(wù)的重要保障。然而，復(fù)合材料貯箱在低溫服役條件下產(chǎn)生的滲漏現(xiàn)象，是其目前面臨的技術(shù)瓶頸之一，嚴(yán)重制約復(fù)合材料貯箱全面服役。從實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論研究?jī)蓚€(gè)方面介紹近20年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外主要研究機(jī)構(gòu)及團(tuán)隊(duì)在該領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展的相關(guān)研究及取得的成果，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)復(fù)合材料滲漏機(jī)理進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，進(jìn)一步給出通過(guò)復(fù)合材料體系研發(fā)、鋪層方式改進(jìn)以及成型工藝優(yōu)化等提高復(fù)合材料抗?jié)B性的解決方案，并對(duì)未來(lái)復(fù)合材料滲漏性能的研究和發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 航天低溫復(fù)合材料貯箱；滲漏性測(cè)試；數(shù)值模擬；成型工藝
（1. Institute of Light Alloy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China）
Abstract:The replacement of large aerospace cryogenic tanks from ‘metal’ to ‘composites’ has become the main trend of the world space industry development. With the great advantages of composites in terms of mass and cost, the large aerospace composite cryogenic tanks are considered to be an important guarantee for future space missions, such as Mars exploration and manned lunar landing. However, the permeability of the composite tanks under the low temperature service conditions is one of the technical bottlenecks, which seriously restricts the comprehensive service of the composite tanks. The relevant researches and achievements of major research institutions and teams in this field in the past 20 years were introduced from experimental and theoretical research, and on this basis, the leakage mechanism of composite materials was summarized. The solutions for improving the permeability resistance of composites were pointed out, such as exploring the composite material systems, developing the lay-up methods, optimizing the curing processes, et al. The future research and development of the permeability performance of composites were also prospected.
Key words: aerospace composite cryogenic tanks; permeability test; numerical simulation; curing process
