(1. 昆明理工大學(xué) 冶金與能源工程學(xué)院，昆明 650093；
2. 云南馳宏鋅鍺股份有限公司，曲靖 655011)
摘 要: 為提高含鍺氧化鋅煙塵中鍺的浸出率，提出采用富氧常壓浸出-中和工藝處理含鍺氧化鋅煙塵，通過調(diào)節(jié)合適的酸度控制煙塵中硅的浸出及氧的溶解，避免形成鐵硅鍺膠體造成鍺的損失的同時(shí)控制溶液中Fe3+濃度便于煙塵中硫化物的溶出。結(jié)果表明：常壓富氧條件下，在溫度為90 ℃、液固比為7 mL/g、控制終點(diǎn)pH為0.3~0.7的條件下浸出4 h，鍺浸出率為83%，較傳統(tǒng)工藝條件下的鍺浸出率提高13%。浸出渣的物相主要為硫酸鉛和硫化鋅以及二氧化硅，表面出現(xiàn)多孔、蓬松狀結(jié)構(gòu)。鍺主要以硅酸鹽態(tài)賦存，84.94%以該狀態(tài)賦存的鍺被浸出，占總鍺的59.24%。浸出液中Fe3+濃度約為0.4 g/L，硅含量約為64.5 mg/L，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)Fe3+及Si的控制。采用含鍺氧化鋅煙塵對(duì)溶液進(jìn)行中和還原，表明控制溶液溫度為90 ℃，pH為3.0，反應(yīng)1.5 h，可將溶液中Fe3+濃度控制在0.025 g/L內(nèi)，滿足后續(xù)的沉鍺要求。
關(guān)鍵字: 鍺；氧化鋅煙塵；常壓富氧浸出
（1. Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Yun Nan ChiHong Zn & Ge Co., Ltd., Qujing 650011, China）
Abstract:The atmospheric oxygen enrichment leaching-neutralization process was proposed to deal with the dust. The acidity was controlled to reduce leaching of Si and dissolution of oxygen, avoiding the loss of Ge by iron gel-silica gel, controlling concentration of Fe3+ to leach sulfide. The results indicate that the germanium leaching efficiency can reach 83% under the condition of temperature 90 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 7 mL/g and pH 0.3-0.7 for 4 h. The phase of acid leaching residue contains zinc sulfate, lead sulfate and silicon dioxide, the surface appears porous and loose structure. Most of Ge occurs by silicate. The leaching efficiency of Ge in silicate reaches 84.94%, the proportion reaches 59.24% in all leached germanium. The concentration of ferric and silicon in acid leaching solution are controlled to 0.4 g/L and 64.5 mg/L, respectively. The dust is used to neutralize the acid solution. The neutralization experiment and cycle experiment verify, controlling solution pH in 3.0-3.5 and react for 1.5 h, the concentration of Fe3+ can reduce within 0.025 g/L, meeting the subsequent requirements for extract germanium.
Key words: germanium; zinc oxide dust; atmospheric oxygen enrichment leaching
