(昆明理工大學(xué) 冶金與能源工程學(xué)院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 采用人工重砂分析、電子顯微鏡和電子探針成分分析、化學(xué)物相分析、XRD、SEM-EDS等分析手段，對(duì)銅冶煉渣進(jìn)行了礦物學(xué)研究。結(jié)果表明：銅冶煉渣中的含銅礦物主要以冰銅的形式存在，含鐵礦物主要以磁鐵礦的形式存在，脈石礦物主要以硅酸鐵的形式存在。渣中銅、鐵互相嵌布且分布均勻，多種礦物互相包裹，難以直接利用。采用加壓氧氣低酸度條件下浸出工藝，能夠破壞銅、鐵嵌布結(jié)構(gòu)，高效選擇性浸出銅，將渣中的鐵和硅分別轉(zhuǎn)化、重構(gòu)為赤鐵礦和非晶態(tài)二氧化硅。在硫酸濃度0.4 mol/L、反應(yīng)溫度200 ℃、液固比6 mL/g、氧分壓600 kPa、浸出時(shí)間80 min和物料粒度75~150 μm條件下，銅冶煉渣中Cu的浸出率＞95.0%，F(xiàn)e的浸出率＜0.6%，Si的浸出率＜2.0%，浸出礦漿過濾速率可達(dá)378.54 L/(m2？h)；浸出渣中的Fe和Si分別以赤鐵礦(α-Fe2O3)和非晶態(tài)SiO2的形態(tài)存在，且銅含量低于0.1%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))。
關(guān)鍵字: 銅冶煉渣；礦物學(xué)；氧壓酸浸；選擇性浸出；礦相重構(gòu)
（Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:By means of artificial heavy sand analysis, electron microscopy and electron probe analysis, chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and DES, the mineralogy of copper smelting slag was studied. The results show that copper bearing minerals in copper slag mainly exist in the form of matte, the iron bearing minerals mainly exist in the form of magnetite, gangue minerals mainly exist in the form of fayalite. Copper and iron in the slag are inlaid with each other and evenly distributed, and many minerals are wrapped with each other, so it is difficult to use them directly. Under the condition of pressure oxygen and low acidity, the leaching process can destroy the structure of copper and iron, extract copper efficiently and selectively, transform and reconstruct the iron and silicon in the slag into hematite and amorphous silica, respectively. Under the conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 0.4 mol/L, reaction temperature of 200 ℃, liquid-solid ratio of 6 mL/g, oxygen partial pressure of 600 kPa, leaching time of 80 min and particle size of 75-150 μm, the leaching rates of Cu, Fe and Si from copper smelting slag are more than 95.0%, less than 0.6% and less than 2.0%, respectively, and the filtration rate of leaching slurry can reach 378.54 L/(m2？h). Moreover, the iron and silicon in the leached slag are in the form of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and amorphous SiO2, respectively, and the copper content is less than 0.1% (mass fraction).
Key words: copper smelting slag; mineralogy; oxygen pressure acid leaching; selective leaching; phase reconfiguration
