(1. 西安建筑科技大學(xué) 冶金工程學(xué)院，西安 710055；
2. 重慶賽迪熱工環(huán)保工程技術(shù)有限公司，重慶 401122；
3. 北京科技大學(xué) 冶金與生態(tài)工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 硫化鎳造锍熔煉中，爐渣成分和體系氧分壓對渣性能、渣中Fe3O4含量、渣?低鎳锍分離特性及有價金屬損失影響顯著。利用Factsage軟件繪制不同氧分壓下NiO-FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO系液相區(qū)和Fe-Ni-Cu-S-O系優(yōu)勢區(qū)，探討pO2和pS2對低鎳锍和爐渣成分的影響；通過渣?锍平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)并結(jié)合X射線衍射、原子吸收和X射線光電子能譜等，分析體系氧分壓對于鎳造锍熔煉過程中渣中有價金屬鎳、銅、鈷損失以及m(Fe2+)/m(Fe3+)的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：適當(dāng)降低體系pO2，有利于降低體系完全熔化溫度和增大渣中m(Fe2+)/m(Fe3+)比。當(dāng)pO2=1.01 mPa，含11% CaO和9% MgO(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))熔渣與低鎳锍平衡后渣中m(Fe2+)/m(Fe3+)可達(dá)12.93；合成渣和工業(yè)渣對比實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示，降低氧分壓至1.01 mPa，含7%~15% CaO(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))的合成渣中Cu、Ni和Co在锍?渣中的分配比較工業(yè)渣高，有價金屬損失更小。因而，調(diào)控后渣組分能滿足工業(yè)生產(chǎn)渣?锍分離的要求。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎳渣；渣-锍平衡；氧分壓；有價金屬；Fe3O4含量
（1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
2. CISDI Thermal Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China;
3. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:During the matte smelting of nickel sulphide, the composition of slag and the oxygen partial pressure has a significant effect on the properties of nickel smelting, Fe3O4 content and valuable metals loss in slag, as well as separation characteristics of slag-matte. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the liquidus region of the NiO-FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO slag and predominant diagram of Fe-Ni-Cu-S-O system under different oxygen partial pressure was analyzed using Factsage software. And the influence of pO2 and pS2 on the composition of low-nickel matte and slag was also investigated. Based on the equilibrium experiment between slag and matte, combined with analysis of X-ray diffractometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray photon spectroscopy, the distribution rate of m(Fe2+)/m(Fe3+) in the slag, especially the nickel, copper and cobalt between the matte and slag under different oxygen partial pressure were deeply studied. The results show that it is conducive to reduce the melting temperature and enhence the mass ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the nickel smelting slag through proper lowering pO2 of the system. It can be explored that the maximum mass ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+ reaches up to 12.93, in the slag containing 11% CaO and 9% MgO (mass fraction) after equilibrium with nickel matte under pO2 of 1.01 mPa. Further, the contrast of equilibrium experiment for synthetic slag and industrial slag testified that the distribution coefficient of copper, nickel and cobalt of matte to slag for synthetic slag containing 7%-15% CaO (mass fraction) are higher than that of industrial slag under oxygen partial pressure of 1.01 mPa. Thus, it can be deduced that the modified tested slag can meet the requirements of slag-matte separation in industrial production.
Key words: nickel slag; slag-matte balance; oxygen partial pressure; valuable metal; Fe3O4 content
