(1. 山東理工大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，淄博 255000；
2. 山東華特磁電科技股份有限公司 磁電工程技術(shù)中心，臨朐 262600)
摘 要: 在油酸浮選鋰輝石體系中分別加入Ca2+、Al3+、Fe3+離子，通過(guò)單礦物浮選試驗(yàn)、金屬離子吸附量檢測(cè)、金屬離子水解組份濃度計(jì)算、礦物表面動(dòng)電位測(cè)試、紅外光譜檢測(cè)以及量子化學(xué)模擬計(jì)算研究Ca2+、Al3+、Fe3+離子對(duì)鋰輝石浮選的活化行為和作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明：Ca2+離子的最佳活化區(qū)間為pH大于12的強(qiáng)堿性條件，Al3+離子的最佳活化pH為6.47，而Fe3+離子的最佳活化pH為7.25；在這些pH區(qū)間內(nèi)，鋰輝石浮選回收率和金屬離子吸附量均達(dá)到最大值。在鋰輝石浮選過(guò)程中起活化作用的有效組份為它們分別對(duì)應(yīng)的氫氧化物沉淀。Ca2+、Al3+、Fe3+離子可使鋰輝石表面動(dòng)電位向正值方向顯著偏移；Ca2+離子在鋰輝石表面雙電層的外層發(fā)生靜電吸附，Al3+和Fe3+離子在鋰輝石表面雙電層的內(nèi)層發(fā)生特性吸附。鈣原子與鋰輝石礦物表面吸附后形成的Ca—O鍵的鍵強(qiáng)較小，以離子鍵為主；鐵原子與礦物表面形成Fe—O化學(xué)鍵的鍵強(qiáng)較大，含有一定的共價(jià)鍵組份；而鋁原子與礦物表面吸附后形成的Al—O鍵的鍵長(zhǎng)、鍵強(qiáng)等參數(shù)介于鈣、鐵的參數(shù)之間。油酸在Ca2+活化后的鋰輝石表面發(fā)生了化學(xué)吸附和少量的物理吸附，而在Al3+、Fe3+活化后的鋰輝石表面發(fā)生了較為強(qiáng)烈的化學(xué)吸附。
關(guān)鍵字: 金屬陽(yáng)離子；活化作用；鋰輝石浮選；水解溶液化學(xué)
（1. School of Environment and Resources Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
2. Magnetoelectric Engineering Technical Center, Shandong Huate Magnetoelectricity Science and Technology Ltd., Linqu 262600, China）
Abstract:Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+ ions were added as activator into spodumene flotation system using collector of oleic acid. The activation performance and mechanism of Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+ ions on spodumene flotation were investigated by single mineral flotation experiments, metal ion adsorption detection, calculation of solution chemistry of metal ions, zeta potential measurements, infrared spectroscopy analysis and quantum chemical simulation calculation. The results show that the optimum activation range of Ca2+ is in strong alkaline condition with pH greater than 12, the optimum activation pH of Al3+ is 6.47, and the optimum activation pH of Fe3+ is 7.25. Within these pH ranges, the recovery of spodumene flotation and the adsorption capacity of metal ions reach the maximum value. The dominant active components are hydroxide precipitation of Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+ ions accordingly. The ions can make the surface potential of spodumene shift significantly to the positive direction. Ca2+ ions are adsorbed on the outer layer of the electric double layer on the surface of spodumene by electrostatic adsorption, while Al3+ and Fe3+ ions are adsorbed on the inner layer of the electric double layer by specific adsorption. Ca—O bonds formed by the adsorption of calcium atoms on the surface of spodumene minerals are weak, mainly in the form of ion bonds. The bond strength of Fe—O bonds is strong and contained certain covalent bond components, while the bond length and bond strength of Al—O bonds formed by adsorption of Al atom on mineral surface are between those of Ca and Fe. It is chemical and faint physical reaction by which oleic acid is adsorbed on the Ca2+ activating spodumene surface, and the strong chemical adsorption occurs on the surface of spodumene activated by Al3+ and Fe3+.
Key words: metallic cations; activation behavior; spodumene flotation; hydrolysis solution chemistry
