(1. 江西理工大學(xué) 建筑與測(cè)繪工程學(xué)院，贛州 341000；
2. 江西理工大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，贛州 341000)
摘 要: 以硫酸銨作為浸礦劑浸取稀土?xí)r，其在礦土表面賦存形式分為可逆和不可逆兩部分；根據(jù)銨在浸礦中的作用，銨消耗分為三個(gè)部分：離子交換消耗、專性吸附消耗和維持浸礦劑濃度的消耗。本文結(jié)合銨的賦存形式和浸礦作用，采用二元平衡解吸模型(DED模型)刻畫浸礦，通過(guò)數(shù)值擬合確定相應(yīng)參數(shù)，提出一種針對(duì)離子型稀土的浸礦劑用量計(jì)算方法。結(jié)果表明：以福建屏南和江西信豐某離子型稀土礦為研究對(duì)象，設(shè)定稀土目標(biāo)浸取率85.00%、90.00%和95.00%時(shí)，計(jì)算出相應(yīng)浸礦劑用量；通過(guò)柱浸試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)方法可行性，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種礦樣實(shí)際浸取率分別達(dá)到85.93%、89.05%、94.22%和85.97%、90.55%、95.14%，與目標(biāo)浸取率誤差在1.5%以內(nèi)。本方法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室具有良好效果，可以用于指導(dǎo)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的浸礦劑用量確定。
關(guān)鍵字: 離子型稀土；浸礦劑；二元平衡解吸模型；離子交換吸附；專性吸附
（1. School of Architecture and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:When ammonium sulfate is used as ore leaching to agent leach rare earth, the surface occurrence forms of ammonium in soil can be divided into reversible and irreversible parts, according to ammonium in the role of leaching ore, ammonium cost can be divided into three parts: ion exchange adsorption cost, obligate adsorption cost and the cost of maintain ore leaching concentration. In this paper, according to ammonium’s occurrence and role of leaching ore, a Dual- Equilibrium Desorption (DED) model was used to describe the leaching process. After the corresponding parameters were determined by numerical fitting, a calculating method of leaching agent dosage for ion-adsorption type rare earth was proposed. Taking the ion-adsorption type rare earth mines in Pingnan and Xinfeng of Fujian and Jiangxi province as research objects, the corresponding leaching agent dosage was calculated when the target rare earth leaching rates of 85.00%, 90.00% and 95.00% were set. The results show that, after verifying the feasibility of the method through column leaching test, the actual leaching rates of the two kinds of ore samples can reach 85.93%, 89.05%, 94.22% and 85.97%, 90.55% and 95.14%, respectively, which are within 1.5% of the target leaching rates. This method has good result in the laboratory and can be used to determine the dosage of ore leaching agent in the actual production.
Key words: ion-adsorption type rare earth; leaching agent; dual-equilibrium desorption model; ion exchange adsorption; obligate adsorption
