(1. 燕山大學(xué) 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院，秦皇島 066004；
2. 燕山大學(xué) 河北省輕質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)裝備設(shè)計(jì)與制備工藝技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心，秦皇島 066004)
摘 要: 以6061鋁合金和AZ31B鎂合金板材為研究對(duì)象，采用單一變量法展開(kāi)鋁-鎂異種合金板材超聲焊接試驗(yàn)(振動(dòng)頻率為20 kHz)。以焊接參數(shù)(焊接壓力、振幅、時(shí)間、焊件厚度)為單獨(dú)變量展開(kāi)焊件力學(xué)性能測(cè)試和焊件界面微觀形貌觀測(cè)。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)焊接壓力小于0.3 MPa時(shí)，金屬接觸面之間摩擦熱難以迅速生成，難以形成有效焊點(diǎn)；在以焊接振幅和焊接時(shí)間為單獨(dú)變量的焊接試驗(yàn)中，當(dāng)焊接振幅為8 μm、焊接時(shí)間為0.75 s時(shí)，焊件力學(xué)性能最佳；但是隨上述參數(shù)進(jìn)一步增加，導(dǎo)致焊接能量過(guò)大反而造成焊接力學(xué)性能下降；焊件厚度對(duì)焊接接頭力學(xué)性能影響規(guī)律與焊接壓力、振幅、時(shí)間基本一致，在焊件厚度為0.3 mm時(shí)達(dá)到最佳焊接效果，參數(shù)過(guò)大或過(guò)小均不利于有效焊接的形成；在維氏硬度測(cè)試中發(fā)現(xiàn)焊接硬度呈現(xiàn)由中心區(qū)域發(fā)散式擴(kuò)散的硬度分布規(guī)律；隨著焊接壓力逐漸增加，焊件界面微觀形貌呈現(xiàn)不同階段特征，當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)波浪形特征時(shí)焊接效果達(dá)到最佳。
關(guān)鍵字: 輕合金；超聲金屬焊接；力學(xué)性能；微觀形貌
（1.College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
2. Hebei Light Structural Equipment Design and Manufacturing Technology Innovation Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China）
Abstract:The ultrasonic with the vibration frequency of 20 kHz welding test of 6061 and AZ31B was conducted through single variable method. The samples with an independent variable welding parameters (welding pressure, amplitude, time, welding thickness) were tested for mechanical properties and interface micro-morphology. The results show that, when the welding pressure is less than 0.3 MPa, the heat of friction cannot be generated quickly between metal contact surfaces. Therefore, it is difficult to form the effective solder joints. In the welding test using welding amplitude and welding time as independent variables, the welding amplitude of 8 μm and welding time of 0.75 s will result in the best mechanical performance. However, with the further increase of the above parameters, the excessive welding energy will lead to mechanical degradation. The effect of welding thickness on mechanical properties of welding parts is consistent with welding pressure, amplitude and time, the welding effect is best when the welding part thickness is 0.3 mm, in appropriated parameter is not conducive to effective welding formation. In Vickers hardness test, the distribution of welding hardness appeared from the center to outward. With the increase of welding pressure, the interface micro-morphology of welded parts presents different stage characteristics. The welding effect is the best when the interface micro-morphology of the welded part presents the wave shape.
Key words: light alloy; ultrasonic metal welding; mechanical properties; micro-morphology
