(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與資源工程學(xué)院，北京 100083；
3. 金川集團(tuán)股份有限公司，金昌 737100)
摘 要: 針對(duì)礦山采用水泥膠凝材料充填成本較高的問題，利用當(dāng)?shù)氐V渣和粉煤灰等固廢資源開發(fā)低成本膠凝材料，并基于礦山現(xiàn)有的充填系統(tǒng)對(duì)料漿配比進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，在滿足礦山要求的前提下，以期達(dá)到最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。首先，對(duì)試驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)行物化分析；其次，采用正交試驗(yàn)、極差分析等方法進(jìn)行復(fù)合膠凝材料配比優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)，確定優(yōu)化配比為粉煤灰10%、熟料8%、脫硫石膏14%、礦渣微粉68%，并利用XRD和SEM等手段來探究復(fù)合膠凝材料的水化產(chǎn)物及其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)一步揭示其水化機(jī)理；最后，在此基礎(chǔ)上利用該膠凝材料進(jìn)行充填料漿配比試驗(yàn)，并以7 d強(qiáng)度、28 d強(qiáng)度、泌水率、塌落度和充填成本為指標(biāo)基于多目標(biāo)模糊綜合評(píng)判法進(jìn)行料漿配比優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明：以采用復(fù)合膠凝材料、尾砂和戈壁集料配比1:1、膠砂比1:6、質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)78%為最優(yōu)配比，并以此配比進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)，得到相應(yīng)的7 d強(qiáng)度、28 d強(qiáng)度、泌水率和塌落度分別為1.76 MPa、4.82 MPa、5.98%和23.2 cm。充填體強(qiáng)度、料漿穩(wěn)定性和料漿流動(dòng)性均滿足礦山要求，并且充填成本為103元/m3，較原來195元/m3的充填成本降低了47%。
關(guān)鍵字: 充填采礦法；礦渣；粉煤灰；膠凝材料；模糊綜合評(píng)判；配比優(yōu)化
（1. Key Laboratory of High Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737100, China）
Abstract:In view of the high cost of cement cementing materials in mines, the low-cost cementitious materials were developed by using local solid waste resources, such as slag and fly ash; and the filling slurry ratio was optimized based on the existing filling system of the mines, so as to achieve maximum economic benefits on the premise of meeting the requirements of mines. Firstly, the physical and chemical analysis of the test material was carried out. Secondly, the orthogonal test and range analysis were used to optimize the proportion of composite cementitious material, and the optimized ratio was determined to be 10% fly ash(FA) , 8% clinker, 14% desulfurization gypsum(DSG)and 68% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The hydration products and microstructure of composite cementitious material were explored by means of XRD and SEM, and its hydration mechanism was further revealed. Finally, based on this, the cementitious material was used to carry out the filling slurry ratio experiment, and the slurry ratio was optimized based on multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method with 7 d strength, 28 d strength, bleeding rate(BR), slump and filling cost as indicators. The results show that, when the composite cementitious material is used, the ratio of tailings to Gobi aggregate is 1:1, the cement-sand ratio (CSR) is 1:6 and the mass concentration(MC) is 78% as the optimum proportion; and the verification test is carried out with this ratio, and the corresponding 7 d strength, 28 d strength, bleeding rate and slum pare 1.76 MPa, 4.82 MPa, 5.98% and 23.2 cm, respectively, which meet the requirements of the mine, and the filling cost is 103 yuan/m3, which is 47% lower than the original filling cost of 195 yuan/m3.
Key words: filling mining method; slag; fly ash; composite cementitious materials; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; proportion optimization
