(昆明貴金屬研究所 貴研鉑業(yè)股份有限公司，稀貴金屬綜合利用新技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，昆明 650106)
摘 要: 對(duì)還原熔煉銅捕集法從失效汽車(chē)催化劑中回收鉑族金屬的基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行研究并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。計(jì)算整個(gè)過(guò)程可能發(fā)生的反應(yīng) 方程式。分析表明，鉑族金屬氧化物優(yōu)先于氧化銅被還原為金屬態(tài)，實(shí)際還原熔煉溫度應(yīng)低于1500 ℃；計(jì)算含MgO的 CaO-Al2O3-SiO2熔煉渣體系相圖及黏度，熔煉過(guò)程應(yīng)控制CaO、SiO2的量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)渣型的選擇；結(jié)合從銅-鉑族金屬相圖，銅能與鉑、鈀、銠連續(xù)固溶形成合金；從理論上證實(shí)銅捕集法從失效汽車(chē)催化劑中回收鉑族金屬的可行性；通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果表明在適宜的條件下，鉑、鈀、銠回收率分別為98.2%、99.2%、97.6%。
關(guān)鍵字: 鉑族金屬；銅捕集法；失效汽車(chē)催化劑；回收
（State key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Sino-platinum Metals Co., Ltd., Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China）
Abstract:The basic theory on recovery of platinum group metals from spent auto catalyst by reduction smelting copper trapping method was studied and the experimental verification was carried out. The equations of possible reactions in the whole process were obtained through theoretical calculation, and the analysis shows that the platinum group metals oxides are reduced to metallic state in preference to copper oxide, and the actual reduction smelting temperature should be lower than 1500 ℃. The phase diagram and viscosity of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 smelting slag containing MgO system were calculated, and the amount of CaO and SiO2 should be controlled in the smelting process to implement choice of slag type. It can be seen from the copper-platinum group metals phase diagrams that copper can form the continuous solid solution with platinum palladium and rhodium. The feasibility of recovering platinum group metals from spent auto catalyst by copper trapping method is proved theoretically. The recoveries of platinum, palladium and rhodium are 98.2%, 99.2% and 97.6%, respectively, under the appropriate conditions by practical experimental verification.
Key words: platinum group metal？ copper trapping method？ spent auto catalyst？ recovery
