(1. 武漢工程大學 綠色化工過程教育部重點實驗室 化工與制藥學院，武漢430074；
2. 四川文理學院 化學化工學院，達州 635000)
摘 要: 為了從風化殼淋積型稀土礦銨鹽浸出液中萃取分離出稀土離子，合成3種3-氧戊二酰胺類萃取劑N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺、N,N,N′,N′-四己基-3-氧戊二酰胺和N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺。考察在NH4Cl、(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3這3種銨鹽溶液中，萃取劑濃度和不同稀釋劑類型對3種3-氧戊二酰胺類萃取劑萃取稀土離子的影響，并篩選出合適的稀釋劑。結果表明：在NH4Cl溶液中，以正辛烷-正辛醇(體積比7:3)為稀釋劑時，N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺的萃取效果最好，對Y離子和Gd離子的單級萃取劑分別為為89%和91%，且萃取率隨著萃取劑濃度的增大而增大，在相比為4:6時萃取率達到最大并幾乎恒定。在(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3溶液中，不同稀釋劑對萃取效果的影響差別則較小。
關鍵字: 3-氧戊二酰胺；萃取；銨鹽體系；稀土；稀釋劑
（1. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China）
Abstract:Three kinds of 3-oxa-glutaramide extractants, N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide, N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexyl- 3-oxy-glutaramide, N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctane-3-oxy-glutaramide, were synthesized and characterized. The influences of extractant concentration and different diluents on the extraction behavior of rare earth ions with three kinds of 3-oxa-glutaramide extractants were investigated in three ammonium salt solution of NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. The results screen out suitable diluents and provide support for optimal extraction process. The extraction efficiency of N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide is the best when octane-octanol (volume ratio of 7:3) is used as diluent in NH4Cl system. And the single-stage extractants for Y and Gd are 89% and 91%. And extraction efficiency increases with increasing the extractant concentration. The extraction rates of Y and Gd reach the maximum and almost no change under the phase ratio of 4:6. Different diluents have weak effect on the extraction efficiency in the system of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3.
Key words: 3-oxa-glutaramide; extraction; ammonium salt system; rare earth; diluent
