(中南大學(xué) 資源加工與生物工程學(xué)院，生物冶金教育部重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 生物冶金已應(yīng)用于全球50多個國家和地區(qū)。中國在國際上最早建立了基于基因組學(xué)的冶金微生物定量化技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了微生物浸礦行為研究由表現(xiàn)型向基因型轉(zhuǎn)變；建立了硫化礦分步氧化的微觀化學(xué)反應(yīng)模型，實現(xiàn)了生物冶金研究從宏觀到微觀的跨越。生物冶金過程強化技術(shù)已在海內(nèi)外得到大規(guī)模工業(yè)化應(yīng)用，建立了年處理礦石量達6000萬t生物提銅廠；形成了具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的CCGRI生物氧化提金技術(shù)，建成了中國黃金行業(yè)的第一座高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化示范工程；硫化物包裹類鈾礦的鈾浸出率提高至96%，使鈾礦開采品位從千分之一降低到萬分之三。中國生物冶金已處于世界領(lǐng)先地位，可使礦產(chǎn)資源利用率從33%提高到96%，大幅提升中國礦產(chǎn)資源的使用年限。
關(guān)鍵字: 生物技術(shù)；生物冶金；礦產(chǎn)資源；浸礦行為
（School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, China）
Abstract:Biohydrometallurgy has been applied in more than 50 countries and regions around the world. At present, the study of biometallurgy in China has entered the era of genomics. China firstly established the quantitative technology of bioleaching microorganisms based on genomics, which realized the transformation of the study on bioleaching behavior from phenotype to genotype. Meanwhile, stepwise oxidation model of sulfide ore was established at the microscopic level of chemical reaction, which realized the biohydrometallurgy from the macroscopic to the microscopic leap. Besides, the intensification technology of bioleaching process was applied industrially in the world on a large scale, and a bioleaching copper mine plant with an annual processing capacity of 60 million tons was established. CCGRI bio-oxidation gold extraction technology with independent intellectual property rights was formed, and the first high-tech industrialization demonstration project in China’s gold industry was built. The leaching rate of sulphide coated uranium ore increased to 96%, and the grade of uranium ore reduces from 1/1000 to 3/10000. The study on biohydrometallurgy in China has been in the world leading level, which can improve the utilization rate of mineral resources from 33% to 96%, greatly improving the service life of China’s mineral resources.
Key words: biotech; biohydrometallurgy; mineral resources; bioleaching behavior
