(江西理工大學(xué) 建筑與測繪工程學(xué)院，贛州 341000)
摘 要: 離子型稀土礦中的稀土元素的浸取率主要受浸礦劑用量影響。浸礦過程是一個可逆的化學(xué)平衡反應(yīng)，基于化學(xué)平衡理論，通過理論推導(dǎo)，建立稀土離子浸取率與浸礦劑用量之間的計算模型。分別以低品位礦樣P和高品位礦樣X為研究對象，首先，通過杯浸實(shí)驗(yàn)確定相關(guān)參數(shù)，并推導(dǎo)出浸取率與浸礦劑用量的計算模型；其次，通過預(yù)設(shè)浸取率，進(jìn)行室內(nèi)柱浸實(shí)驗(yàn)；最后，對該計算模型的工業(yè)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行可行性分析。結(jié)果表明：預(yù)設(shè)浸取率為80 %、85 %和90 %時，礦樣P和礦樣X的實(shí)際平均浸取率分別為79.65 %、85.14 %、90.42 %和79.46%、 85.19 %、90.36 %，與預(yù)設(shè)浸取率的相對誤差小于1%。該計算模型誤差較小，可以為不同性質(zhì)礦山浸礦劑用量的確定提供技術(shù)支持。
關(guān)鍵字: 離子型稀土礦；離子交換平衡；質(zhì)量作用商；浸礦劑用量；RE浸取率
（School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:The RE leaching efficiency of ion-type rare earth ore is mainly affected by the dosage of leaching agent. The process of leaching is a reversible chemical equilibrium reaction. Based on the theory of chemistry balance, a model was built to calculate the relationship between RE leaching efficiency and the dosage of ammonium sulfate ore leaching agent by theoretical derivation. Samples P in low grade ore and samples X in high grade ore were taken as research objects, respectively. First, the related parameters were determined via the cup leaching experiment, and the relationship between the leaching efficiency of the ore type and the dosage of the leaching agent was deduced. Second, the indoor column leaching experiment was done under the condition of setting preset leaching efficiency. Last, the feasibility for industrial application of computational model was analyzed. It is found that, when the preset leaching rates are 80%, 85% and 90%, the actual average leaching rates of sample P are 79.65%, 85.14% and 90.42%, the actual average leaching rates of sample X are 79.46%, 85.19% and 90.36%, the relative error is less than 1 %. The results show that the error of the calculation model is small, and it can provide technical support for determining the amount of ore leaching agent in different properties.
Key words: ion-type rare earth ore; ion exchange equilibrium; quotient of quality; dosage of leaching agent; RE leaching efficiency
