(蘭州理工大學(xué)，甘肅省有色金屬先進(jìn)加工與再利用國家重點實驗室，蘭州 730050)
摘 要: 多孔鈦是一種具有三維連通孔結(jié)構(gòu)的金屬材料，與致密生物金屬材料相比，由于自身的開孔性和連通性使其彈性模量大幅度降低，從而能夠與人體骨模量較好匹配，同時使體液自由流通，加之鈦具有良好的生物相容性，因而被用作骨科移植材料。而如何控制多孔結(jié)構(gòu)，獲得性能優(yōu)異的多孔鈦基體是開展相關(guān)研究和應(yīng)用的前提與基礎(chǔ)。已開發(fā)出的多孔鈦及其合金的制備方法有氣體成泡法、有機(jī)海綿復(fù)制法、漿料發(fā)泡法、凝膠柱模法、冷凍鑄造法、自蔓延高溫合成法、放電等離子燒結(jié)法、添加造孔劑法、增材制造法、纖維合成法等。不同制備方法具有各自優(yōu)點，但普遍存在制備成本較高或性能偏低等問題；另外，針對不同患者的實際骨質(zhì)情況，需要不同力學(xué)性能及孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的骨移植材料。因此，在較大范圍內(nèi)對多孔鈦骨移植材料結(jié)構(gòu)和模量進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)仍然需繼續(xù)研究。目前，多孔鈦骨移植材料已實現(xiàn)臨床應(yīng)用，國內(nèi)機(jī)構(gòu)也已經(jīng)推出多孔鈦椎體植入材料用于臨床實踐。未來，多孔鈦作為骨移植材料的研究和臨床應(yīng)用仍有很大空間。
關(guān)鍵字: 多孔鈦；泡沫金屬；骨移植材料；多孔制備；生物相容性
（Lanzhou University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou 730050, China）
Abstract:The porous titanium is a porous metal material with a three-dimensional open interconnected pore structure. Compared with dense biometal materials, its elastic modulus is greatly reduced due to its openability and connectivity, and thus it can be well matched to human bones, at the same time, free circulation of body fluids, combined with good biocompatibility of titanium, thus the porous titanium is used as orthopedic transplant material. How to control the porous structure and obtain the porous titanium matrix with excellent performance is the premise and foundation for carry out related research and application. The porous titanium alloy have been developed, and the preparation methods conclude gas foaming method, organic sponge replication method, slurry foaming method, gel column molding method, frozen casting method, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method, and spark plasma sintering method, added pore-forming agent method, additive manufacturing method, fiber synthesis method, etc. Different preparation methods have their own advantages, but most of them suffer problems, such as high preparation cost or low performance. The orthopedic transplant material with different mechanical properties and pore structure are required for the actual bone condition of different patients. Therefore, adjusting the structure and modulus of porous titanium for bone-transplanting in a large range still will be studied. The porous titanium bone graft materials have achieved clinical application, the porous titanium vertebral implant materials are rolled out by domestic institutions. Porous titanium as a bone graft material, there is still much room for research and clinical applications in the future.
Key words: porous titanium; foams metal; bone graft material; porous preparation; biocompatibility
