(西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 應(yīng)用物理系，西安 710072)
摘 要: 以聚氨酯泡沫為基體，采用電沉積法制備三維網(wǎng)狀多孔銅，研究不同工藝參數(shù)對(duì)多孔銅材料形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和力學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：多孔銅的表觀密度介于0.119~0.218 g/cm3之間，平均孔徑為2.6 mm，孔隙率為 89.8%~92.6%；電沉積過(guò)程中降低主鹽CuSO4 濃度和溶液溫度，可獲得較強(qiáng)的陰極極化作用；陰極電流密度和沉積時(shí)間對(duì)多孔銅的孔隙率和表觀密度具有調(diào)控作用；多孔銅的準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)圧縮過(guò)程可依次分為線(xiàn)性彈性階段、脆性破壞階段和致密化階段；壓縮強(qiáng)度與表觀密度的關(guān)系符合冪函數(shù)增長(zhǎng)規(guī)律。在 36 A/m2 電流密度下將沉積時(shí)間從 3 h延長(zhǎng)至5 h，材料的壓縮強(qiáng)度可提升53%。
關(guān)鍵字: 多孔銅；電沉積；孔隙率；表觀密度；力學(xué)性能
（Department of Applied Physics, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:Three dimensional open-cell porous Cu was prepared by electrodeposition. The effects of experimental parameters on its morphology, structure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the porous Cu with apparent density within the range of 0.119-0.218 g/cm3, average pore size of 2.6 mm and the porosity within the range of 89.8%-92.6% are achieved. During the electrodeposition, a stronger cathode polarization can be obtained by reducing the CuSO4 concentration and solution temperature. Meanwhile, the porosity and apparent density of porous Cu can be controlled by the current density and deposition time. The deformation process of porous Cu can be divided into the early linear elastic stage, the next brittle failure stage and the last densification stage. The relationship between apparent density and compressive strength satisfies the power function. Moreover, the compressive strength is improved by 53% once extending the deposition time from 3 h to 5 h at 36 A/m2.
Key words: porous Cu; electrodeposition; porosity; apparent density; mechanical property
