(北京有色金屬研究總院 生物冶金國家工程實驗室，北京 100088)
摘 要: 介紹了世界上鎳資源的分布、開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀，提出高鎂是鎳資源綜合利用的一個瓶頸問題，闡述了還原焙燒-氨浸、高壓酸浸、常壓酸浸、堆浸等氧化鎳礦濕法冶金處理工藝的基本流程、優(yōu)缺點與應(yīng)用前景，總結(jié)了氧化鎳礦、硫化鎳礦生物冶金技術(shù)的研究應(yīng)用情況，指出非常規(guī)體系生物浸出是解決高鎂問題的一個方向。展望了高鎂型鎳礦處理工藝的發(fā)展方向，其中常壓酸浸、生物浸出技術(shù)為研究熱點。
關(guān)鍵字: 高鎂型鎳礦；硫化鎳礦；氧化鎳礦；濕法冶金；生物冶金
（National Engineering Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China）
Abstract:The general situation of distribution, exploitation and utilization of nickel resources was introduced. The basic process, advantages and disadvantages and application prospect of some hydrometallurgy processes, such as ammonia leaching, high pressure acid leaching, atmospheric-pressure acid leaching and heap leaching, were elaborated. The research and application of bio-hydrometallurgy for nickel oxides and sulfides were summarized. It is suggested that the key to solve the problem of high magnesium is bioleaching at elevated pH. Finally, the development direction of processes for high-magnesium nickel ore was prospected. The atmospheric-pressure acid leaching and bio- hydrometallurgy are the hot areas of research.
Key words: high-magnesium nickel ore; nickel sulfides; nickel oxides; hydrometallurgy; bioleaching;
