(1. 河南科技大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，洛陽 471023；
2. 河南省耐磨材料工程技術(shù)研究中心，洛陽 471003；
3. 河南省有色金屬共性技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心，洛陽 471023)
摘 要: 由水熱-共還原法制備出的原位共生W-25Cu復(fù)合粉末，經(jīng)冷等靜壓、真空熱壓聯(lián)合包套擠壓工藝獲得相對密度大于98%，導(dǎo)電率為42.7%IACS，硬度為246HB的高致密細(xì)晶W-25Cu電觸頭材料。材料顯微組織中W相和Cu相分布均勻，顆粒細(xì)小(1~3 μm)。在JF04C型電接觸試驗機(jī)上進(jìn)行電接觸實(shí)驗，研究其在直流、阻性負(fù)載條件下的電接觸性能。結(jié)果表明：提高鎢銅合金致密度、細(xì)化晶粒可以減小并穩(wěn)定接觸電阻；燃弧時間和燃弧能量均隨電壓的增大而增大，分?jǐn)噙^程燃弧能量和燃弧時間均小于閉合過程燃弧時間和能量。W-25Cu電觸頭材料經(jīng)電侵蝕后，材料表面主要由Cu、W和WO3三相組成。電接觸過程中發(fā)生的材料轉(zhuǎn)移以熔橋轉(zhuǎn)移、電弧轉(zhuǎn)移和噴濺蒸發(fā)等形式為主；隨著電壓的增大，發(fā)生材料轉(zhuǎn)移方向的轉(zhuǎn)變，即由陰極轉(zhuǎn)移變?yōu)殛枠O轉(zhuǎn)移。
關(guān)鍵字: 高致密；細(xì)晶；接觸電阻；電弧侵蝕；材料轉(zhuǎn)移
（1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
2. Henan Engineering Research Center for Wear of Materials, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
3. Henan province nonferrous metal Commonness Technology of Collaborative Innovation Center, Luoyang 471003, China）
Abstract:The W-25Cu electrical contact material was fabricated by cold isostatic pressing process, presintering in vacuum and hot extrusion of W-Cu nanocomposite powders that was made by hydrothermal synthesis combined with co-reduction method. The relative density of W-25Cu electrical contact materiel is above 98%, the conductivity reaches 42.7%IACS, and the hardness is 246HB. The distribution of W phase and Cu phase are uniform and the particle size of W phase is fine (1-3 μm). The arc tests were carried out under DC and resistance load conditions through JF04C electrical material testing system. The results show that increasing the density and decreasing the grain size of tungsten copper alloy can reduce and stabilize the contact resistance. Arc time and energy increase along with the increasing of voltage, and the arc time and energy of break operation are less than that of make operation. The surface material mainly compose of Cu, W and WO3 phases of W-25Cu electrical contact materials after being eroded. Melting bridge transfer, arc transfer and spray evaporation are mainly transfer forms, and the material transfer direction changes with the increasing of voltage, namely, the mass loss transfers from cathode to anode.
Key words: high density; fine grain; contact resistance; arc erosion; materials transfer
