(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 針對現(xiàn)行氨法電鋅存在的陰極鋅板表面不平整、疏松多孔、邊緣毛刺突出等一系列問題，研究聚醚添加劑對Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O體系電積鋅的影響，并考察添加劑濃度對沉積鋅表面形貌、沉積鋅晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、電流效率、平均槽電壓和能耗等各項工藝參數(shù)的影響。結(jié)果表明：添加劑的使用可以使電積得到的陰極鋅表面光滑平整，致密與無毛刺，鋅晶面表現(xiàn)出高擇優(yōu)取向，生長擇優(yōu)方向為(110)晶面，晶體為六方密堆結(jié)構(gòu)，晶粒細(xì)小；在最佳濃度為1.0 g/L時，平均槽電壓為2.76 V，電流效率可高達(dá)92.88%，單位能耗為2435.72 kW·h/t。
關(guān)鍵字: 聚醚；添加劑；表面形貌；鋅；電積
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In view of series of shortcomings existing in current zinc electrodeposition in ammoniacal system such as uneven surface, loose and porous, raised burr on the edge of the surface of electrodeposited zinc, the effect of a polyether additive on zinc electrowinning in Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system was investigated. The effects of different concentration of the additive on surface morphology, crystallographic structure, cell voltage, current efficiency and power consumption were evaluated, respectively. The results show that deposited zinc is smoothy and compact, zinc crystal shows a highly preferred orientation, the crystallographic orientation is (110), the structure of zinc crystal is close-packed hexagonal, the grain size is small, average cell voltage is lower than 2.79 V, current efficiency is up to 92.88%, and low energy consumption of 2435.72 kW·h/t is obtained under the optimum concentration of 1.0 g/L for the polyether additive.
Key words: polyether; additive; surface morphology; zinc; electrodeposition
