(1. 中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué) 冶金工程學(xué)院，株洲 412007)
摘 要: 為解決我國當(dāng)前火法煉鉍廠普遍存在低濃度二氧化硫煙氣污染、鉍回收率低、試劑消耗大等問題，提出一種硫化鉍精礦清潔冶金的工藝即硫化鉍精礦還原造锍一步熔煉。采用單因素條件實驗法考察添加劑用量、熔煉渣型、熔煉溫度、反應(yīng)時間等因素對金屬鉍直收率和渣含鉍的影響，得出最佳熔煉工藝條件為：添加劑碳酸鈉用量為精礦用量的20%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))、m(FeO)/m(SiO2)=1.0、m(CaO)/m(SiO2)=0.9、熔煉溫度為1300 ℃、熔煉時間為2 h。在此最優(yōu)條件下，金屬鉍直收率為85.86 %，渣含鉍0.11%，固硫率達(dá)98.32%。同時，鉛、鉬、銀在粗鉍中的直收率分別達(dá)81.34%、80.95%、79.11%，說明新工藝的熔煉過程中對有價金屬富集較好。
關(guān)鍵字: 硫化鉍精礦；還原造锍；清潔冶金；一步熔煉
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Metallurgy Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the shortcomings of bismuth extraction in current bismuth smelters, such as environment pollution of sulfur dioxide, low direct recovery ratio of bismuth and large dosage of additive agent consumption, a direct process of reducing-matting smelting to treat bismuth sulfide concentrate, was proposed. The effects of parameters, including the dosage of additive agent, slag type, smelting temperature and time, on the direct recovery rate of bismuth and the content of bismuth in slag were investigated by single-factor experiments. After that, optimum conditions are obtained as follows: the mass fraction of soda to bismuth concentrate is 20%, m(FeO)/m(SiO2)=1.0, m(CaO)/m(SiO2)= 0.9, smelting temperature is 1300 ℃, and reaction time is 120 min, and the direct recovery rate of bismuth can reach up to 85.86%, the content of bismuth in slag is 0.11%, and the sulfur capture capacity is 98.32%. At the meantime, the direct recovery rates of lead, molybdenum and silver are 81.34%, 80.95% and 79.11%, respectively. The proposed process of new technology has good effect for enrichment of valuable metals.
Key words: bismuth sulfide concentrate; reducing-matting smelting; clean metallurgy; direct smelting
