(中南大學(xué) 粉末冶金國家重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 銣(Rb)是一種活潑的堿金屬，過去由于銣的特性及成本原因，銣及其化合物的制備技術(shù)、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域均受到極大限制。隨著我國銣礦的不斷發(fā)掘和銣提取技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，銣資源的開發(fā)與利用越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。綜述銣的基本物理性能、銣二元合金與銣化合物的基本晶體學(xué)參數(shù)以及含銣材料的最新應(yīng)用及研究進(jìn)展，包括在能源、非線性光學(xué)晶體、催化、醫(yī)藥、焊料、特種玻璃和鐵磁材料等方面的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展，并對銣今后的發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行展望。
關(guān)鍵字: 銣；晶體結(jié)構(gòu)；非線性光學(xué)晶體；催化；醫(yī)藥
（State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Rubidium (Rb) is an active alkali metal. Due to the nature of rubidium and the high cost, the preparation and applications of rubidium and its compounds have been greatly restricted in the past. Along with the progress of rubidium mining and extraction technology in China, the development and utilization of rubidium resources get more and more attention. The basic physical properties and crystallographic parameters of rubidium, rubidium binary alloy and rubidium compounds were summarized. In addition, the latest research and applications of rubidium materials were reviewed in detail, including the applications in energy, nonlinear optical crystals, catalysis, medicine, solder, special glass and ferromagnetic materials. The prospect for the future development of rubidium was also discussed.
Key words: rubidium; crystal structure; nonlinear optical crystal; catalyst; medicine
