(1. 燕山大學(xué) 機械工程學(xué)院，秦皇島 066004；
2. 燕山大學(xué) 先進鍛壓成形技術(shù)與科學(xué)教育部重點實驗室，秦皇島 066004)
摘 要: 針對常規(guī)變形方法難以實現(xiàn)的輕合金板成形問題，綜合固體顆粒介質(zhì)成形和超聲振動塑性成形技術(shù)，提出超聲激勵顆粒介質(zhì)成形工藝。采用ABAQUS對變幅桿及凹模按照20 kHz工作頻率進行設(shè)計并展開模態(tài)及諧響應(yīng)分析，并以此為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計并制造了最大輸出功率1.5 kW的板材超聲激勵顆粒介質(zhì)成形模具，進行AZ31B筒形件熱態(tài)拉深試驗，研究超聲振動對板材顆粒介質(zhì)拉深成形的影響。結(jié)果表明：超聲激勵促進顆粒介質(zhì)的流動性及其傳壓性能；超聲激勵影響鎂合金板材的極限拉深比，在振幅為6.7~11.6 μm范圍內(nèi)，該極限拉深比呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低的規(guī)律。超聲振動可以降低最佳壓邊力及成形載荷并抑制法蘭區(qū)起皺，并且成形載荷隨著超聲振幅的增加，載荷降低比例越高。
關(guān)鍵字: 顆粒介質(zhì)；超聲振動；板材；成形
（1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science,
Ministry of Education of China, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China）
Abstract:For the lightweight alloy sheet which is hard to deform with conventional techniques, ultrasonic-vibration granules medium forming (UGMF) technology was put forward in this work, combining solid granules medium forming with ultrasonic vibration plastic forming technology. Modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the horn and the concave die were carried out by ABAQUS with the working frequency of 20 kHz. Based on the above research, the UGMF tools of sheet metals with a maximum output of 1.5 kW were designed and manufactured. In order to reveal the effect of ultrasonic vibration on sheet granules medium forming, cylindrical parts thermal drawing test of AZ31B magnesium alloy was performed. The results show that ultrasonic vibration promotes the liquidity and internal pressure transmission performance of granules medium. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibration not only reduces the optimal blank holder force and the forming load, but also suppresses wrinkle on the flange. The limit drawing ratio of magnesium alloy sheet first rises then falls with the ultrasonic amplitudes ranging from 6.7 to 11.6 μm. In addition, the reduction percent of forming load increases with the increase of ultrasonic amplitudes.
Key words: granular material; ultrasonic vibration; sheet metal; forming
