(1. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，合肥 230009；
2. 中科院 等離子體物理研究所，合肥 230031；
3. 安徽省有色金屬材料與加工工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 鎢基復(fù)合材料因其優(yōu)良的性能逐漸取代碳基材料和鈹?shù)龋蔀樽钣锌赡軕?yīng)用于國(guó)際熱核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)堆中面向等離子體材料，但其存在低溫脆性、再結(jié)晶脆化、輻照脆化和燃料粒子滯留等問題。目前，主要是從合金化、第二相顆粒彌散強(qiáng)化以及制備超細(xì)晶(UFG)/納米晶鎢基材料等方面來改善鎢及其復(fù)合材料的性能。合金化是最常用的改善合金性能的手段之一，合金元素或擴(kuò)散溶解于鎢基體中，或作用于缺陷和雜質(zhì)，改變鎢基材料的組織結(jié)構(gòu)從而提高其性能。綜述主要介紹合金元素在鎢合金中性能提升和作用機(jī)理，同時(shí)也指出合金元素改善鎢合金性能方面存在的問題、可能的改善措施以及未來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
關(guān)鍵字: 面向等離子體材料；鎢基材料；合金元素；作用機(jī)理；改善措施
（1. College of Material Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
2. Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academic Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
3. Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Material and Processing Engineering of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:Tungsten matrix composites have gradually replaced the traditional carbon-based materials and beryllium, becoming the most promising candidates for plasma-facing materials for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor attributing to their superior properties. However, tungsten exhibits some problems as a plasma-facing material, including low temperature embrittlement, recrystallization embrittlement, radiation embrittlement and fuel particle retention. Hence, attempts for improving its mechanical behavior have been carried out via doping alloying elements or stable dispersed phases and fabricating UFG/nanocrystalline tungsten, etc. Alloying is one of the most common methods to improve the performance of tungsten-based materials. The doping elements can diffuse and dissolve into tungsten matrix or act on the defects and impurities to change the contexture and structure of tungsten, thus improving its properties. The change of properties and the correlative mechanism of alloyed tungsten-based materials were reviewed and some problems on it and the improvement measures and development trend in future were pointed out.
Key words: plasma facing material; tungsten-based material; alloying element; action mechanism; improvement measure
