(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 拜什塔木銅礦位于新疆戈壁，礦山多年來采用無底柱分段崩落留礦采礦法進(jìn)行回采，造成大面積地表塌陷。礦體頂板圍巖為含細(xì)粉砂泥巖，泥質(zhì)含量高、礦巖破碎、遇水泥化，導(dǎo)致礦體及圍巖穩(wěn)定性差。經(jīng)過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查，針對拜什塔木銅礦存在問題，推薦選用膏體充填技術(shù)，但該全尾砂粒度細(xì)、且含大量粘土礦物，造成全尾砂制備的膏體存在凝結(jié)性能差、充填強(qiáng)度低等問題。研究從粘土礦物、戈壁集料堆積模型及膏體動態(tài)抗離析性能等角度，分析骨料級配及最大粒徑對充填強(qiáng)度影響，推導(dǎo)并驗(yàn)證粗粒級膏體動態(tài)抗離析系數(shù)f及其增強(qiáng)措施，確定全尾砂添加戈壁集料的最大粒徑dmax。通過對戈壁集料粒級的調(diào)整，在滿足膏體充填假底強(qiáng)度4~5MPa前提下，控制充填成本，滿足礦山安全、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)的回采要求。
關(guān)鍵字: 地下充填采礦；粘土礦物；凝結(jié)性能；抗離析系數(shù)；最大粒徑
（1. School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education,
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Baishitamu copper mine, located in the Gobi desert in Xinjiang, has been using non pillar continuous mining with sublevel caving stoping method for years, which results in a large area of surface subsidence. The roofs of the mine are mainly composed of fine silty mudstones and rich in clay, crushed rock and muddy, which make the stability of the ore and the surrounding rocks bad. According to the feasibility study, paste backfill was proposed to solve the problems in Baishitamu copper mine. However, the paste of unclassified tailings with a large proportion of fine content and clay minerals are of poor setting performance and have low strength. Considering the properties of clay mineral, Gobi aggregate packing model and dynamic segregation resistance of paste, the effects of aggregate gradation and the maximum particle size on the compressive strength of paste backfill were analyzed at the same time, the coarse paste dynamic segregation resistance coefficient f and its reinforcing measure were deduced and validated, and the maximum size dmax of Gobi aggregate added into tailings was confirmed. By adjusting the Gobi aggregate size, not only the basic requirements for paste strength of 4-5 MPa are satisfied, but also the operation costs decrease, the mining safety and environmental protection are guaranteed at the same time.
Key words: underground filling mining; clay mineral; setting property; anti-segregation index; maximum size
