(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 考察鋅粉置換鎵鍺渣硫酸浸出中，硫酸濃度、溫度、液固比、浸出時(shí)間和添加劑對(duì)Ga、Ge浸出率及浸出渣過濾性能的影響，揭示添加硝酸鈉和十二烷基磺酸鈉促進(jìn)浸出過程的作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明:浸出液中添加適量硝酸鈉或十二烷基磺酸鈉，均可促進(jìn)Ga、Ge浸出;此外，十二烷基磺酸鈉還可改善浸出渣的過濾性能。添加劑的作用機(jī)理為硝酸根能使Ga、Ge單質(zhì)及其硫化物氧化，從而促進(jìn)Ga、Ge浸出;十二烷基磺酸鈉則通過促進(jìn)溶液中硅膠的絮凝，減少其對(duì)Ga、Ge的吸附，同時(shí)，使浸出渣的過濾性能得以改善。在溫度為90 ℃、液固比為10 mL/g、攪拌速度為300 r/min、浸出時(shí)間為4 h、硫酸濃度為156 g/L、硝酸鈉濃度為52.29 g/L、十二烷基磺酸鈉濃度為20.5 g/L的條件下，Ga和Ge的浸出率可分別達(dá)到97.01%和90.45%，浸出料漿過濾速度由未添加十二烷基磺酸鈉時(shí)的0.48 mL/min提高到30.65 mL/min。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎵;鍺;浸出;過濾性能
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The sulfuric acid leaching of the zinc powder replacement residue containing gallium and germanium was carried out. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-solid ratio, leaching time and additives on the leaching efficiencies of gallium and germanium, together with the filterability of the leaching residues were investigated. The effective mechanisms of improving the leaching through adding sodium nitrate and sodium dodecyl sulfate were found out. The results show that adding both sodium nitrate and sodium dodecyl sulfate can improve the leaching of gallium and germanium. Moreover, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate can also improve the filterability of leaching residues obviously. These could be attributed to the fact that nitrate ions oxidize elemental gallium and germanium, as well as their sulfides, thereby increasing the leaching efficiencies of gallium and germanium, while the sodium dodecyl sulfonate promotes the flocculation of silica gel, thus the absorption of silica on gallium and germanium decreases and the filterability of the leaching residues improves. Leaching the zinc powder replacement residue for 4 h under the conditions of temperature of 90 ℃, liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL/g, stirring rate of 300 r/min, sulfuric acid concentration of 156 g/L, sodium nitrate of 52.29 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfonate concentration of 20.5 g/L, the leaching rate of gallium and germanium reach 97.01% and 90.45%, respectively. In addition, the filtration rate of the leaching slurry increases from 0.48 mL/min to 30.65 mL/min with the addition dosage of sodium dodecyl sulfonate increasing from 0 to 20.5 g/L.
Key words: gallium; germanium; leaching; filterability
