(北京科技大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 鋁及鋁合金以其優(yōu)良的特性，在當(dāng)代工業(yè)材料中占有越來越重要的地位。釬焊作為一種可靠連接鋁及鋁合金結(jié)構(gòu)件的連接方法而被廣泛應(yīng)用。鋁及鋁合金釬焊用硬釬料的開發(fā)一直是國內(nèi)外學(xué)者爭相研究的熱點，然而，釬料合金熔化溫度高、加工成形性差、釬焊接頭強度低等因素嚴(yán)重制約著釬料合金的開發(fā)應(yīng)用，實現(xiàn)商業(yè)化的釬料甚少。添加合金元素能夠降低釬料熔化溫度，改善釬料顯微組織和性能，這對鋁釬焊用硬釬料的發(fā)展是一個行之有效的方法。結(jié)合國內(nèi)外對鋁及鋁合金釬焊用硬釬料的最新研究成果，全面闡述合金元素的添加對釬料熔化溫度、加工成形性及釬焊接頭組織性能的影響，指明鋁及其合金釬焊用硬釬料目前研究中存在的問題及今后的研究方向。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁合金；硬釬料；加工成形；釬焊接頭
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Owing to the excellent properties, aluminum and aluminum alloys are playing an increasingly important role in modern industrial materials. Brazing is used widely as an excellent assembly method for the bonding of aluminum components. The development of brazing filler metals for aluminum and aluminum alloys is a hotspot into which all countries competitively research. However, the factors of high melting temperature, poor processability and low joint strength make the brazing alloys application difficulty, and commercial brazing filler metals are few. The addition of alloying elements can reduce the melting temperature and improve the microstructure and properties of filler metals, which is an effective method for the development of brazing filler metal. Based on the development of brazing filler metals for aluminum and aluminum alloys at home and abroad, the effects of alloying elements on the melting temperature, processability, joint microstructure and properties of brazing filler metals were summaried. The present problems in their research process of brazing filler metal for aluminum and aluminum alloys were reviewed, and some proposals were put forward which may provide a guide for the study of aluminum-based brazing alloy.
Key words: aluminum alloy; brazing filler metal; processability; brazed joint
