(1. 蘭州理工大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，蘭州 730050；
2. 蘭州理工大學(xué)有色金屬先進(jìn)加工與再利用省部共建國家重點實驗室，蘭州 730050)
摘 要: 通過X射線衍射、掃描電鏡、背散射電子衍射等多種材料分析方法對國內(nèi)外不同商用電沉積鎳和軋制純鎳進(jìn)行顯微組織表征，并對其力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行測試，研究不同軋制工藝N6純鎳的強度和韌性。結(jié)果表明：電沉積鎳板的化學(xué)成分均優(yōu)于國內(nèi)外相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，國內(nèi)電沉積鎳板的雜質(zhì)含量低。電沉積鎳晶粒尺寸為30~300 nm，晶粒取向隨機。國內(nèi)電沉積鎳板在水平和重力方向上抗拉強度分別為479 MPa和581 MPa。國外電沉積鎳板在水平和重力方向上抗拉強度分別為681 MPa和687 MPa。冷軋冷加工態(tài)純鎳抗拉強度最高，為695 MPa；熱軋熱加工態(tài)純鎳塑性韌性最好(伸長率最大，為47.1%；沖擊功最大，為33.59 J)，兩種電沉積鎳兩個方向上的伸長率均高于30%。幾種純鎳的斷口均由等軸韌窩、山脊紋和被拉長的韌窩組成，屬于韌性斷裂。兩種電沉積鎳板適合作為制備鎳箔的原料進(jìn)行不經(jīng)重熔的直接軋制。
關(guān)鍵字: 電沉積鎳；顯微組織；力學(xué)性能；背散射電子衍射
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,
Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China）
Abstract:The microstructure of commercially available industrial nickel was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The mechanical properties of pure nickel plates were also tested at room temperature to investigate the strength and toughness of N6 nickel made in different processes. The results show that the grain sizes of the electrodeposited Nickels are 50-100 μm. The grain size of the electrodeposited nickel is in the range of 30-300 nm, and the grain orientations are random. While the domestic electrodeposited nickel plate tensile strength in horizontal and gravity direction are 479 MPa and 581 MPa, the foreign electrodeposited nickel plate tensile strength in horizontal and gravity direction are 681 MPa and 687 MPa, respectively. The grain sizes of the rolled pure nickel are 50-100 μm. In the three kinds of wrought nickels, the cold-rolled pure nickel plate in cold-worked state has the highest tensile strength (695 MPa). The hot rolled pure nickel in hot-worked state has a maximum elongation of 47.1% and maximum impact energy of 33.59 J. The elongation of two kinds of electrodeposited nickel along two directions is higher than 30%. The fracture morphology of each pure nickel is composed of equiaxed dimples, ridge lines and elongated dimple. All of the nickel plates fracture modes are ductile fracture. Two kinds of electrodeposited nickel plate performance are suitable to use as raw materials for industrial production of rolling nickel foil.
Key words: electrodeposited nickel; microstructure; mechanical property; electron back-scattered diffraction
