(1. 南華大學(xué)城市建設(shè)學(xué)院，衡陽421001；
2. 湖南大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410082)
摘 要: 針對鈾礦中酸法含鈾廢水處理的難點(diǎn)，利用木屑制備季銨鹽型螯合吸附劑(MS)強(qiáng)化其除鈾效果。研究環(huán)氧氯丙烷(ECH)添加量、二乙烯三胺(DETA)添加量、醚化反應(yīng)時(shí)間、接枝反應(yīng)時(shí)間對木屑的改性效果及其對廢水中U(VI)吸附效果的影響，獲取制備MS的最佳工藝條件。對MS進(jìn)行表征分析并探討吸附劑的改性機(jī)理。單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：隨著ECH、DETA添加量的增加及醚化時(shí)間的延長，MS對U(VI)的吸附性能先增大后減小；而隨著接枝時(shí)間的增加，MS對U(VI)的吸附效果先增大而后基本保持不變。正交優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：對U(VI)吸附性能的影響醚化反應(yīng)時(shí)間最大，接枝反應(yīng)時(shí)間次之，ECH、DETA添加量最小。最優(yōu)制備條件為ECH添加量10 mL，DETA添加量6 mL，醚化反應(yīng)時(shí)間1 h，接枝反應(yīng)時(shí)間4 h，此時(shí)MS對U(VI)的吸附率為99.72%，吸附量達(dá)99.72 mg/g。
關(guān)鍵字: 木屑；季銨鹽；U(VI)；吸附
（1.School of Urban Construction, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
2. School of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China）
Abstract:The problem of processing uranium wastewater in the uranium milling plant was studied by preparing a kind of quaternary ammonium salt chelate adsorbent (MS) to strengthen the effect of adsorbing uranium. The effects of epichlorohydrin dosage, diethylenetriamine dosage, etherification reaction time, grafting reaction time on the modification effect of sawdust and its U(VI) adsorption in wastewater were studied, and the optimal technological conditions for preparing MS were gotten. And the MS was characterized and the modification mechanism of the adsorbent was studied. The single factor test result shows that with the increase of ECH dosage, DETA dosage and etherification reaction time, U(VI) adsorption increases and then decreases, and with the increase of grafting reaction time, U(VI) adsorption increases and then keeps unchanged. The orthogonal test result shows that the largest effect for U(VI) adsorption is etherification reaction time, then grafting reaction time, and the smallest effect for U(VI) adsorption is ECH and DETA dosage. The technological parameters optimized by conducting orthogonal test for the U(VI) adsorption are epichlorohydrin dosage of 10 mL, diethylenetriamine dosage of 6 mL, etherification reaction time of 1 h, grafting reaction time of 4 h. Under this condition, the highest adsorption rate is 99.72% and the highest adsorption capacity is 99.72 mg/g.
Key words: sawdust; quaternary ammonium salt; U(VI); adsorption
