(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 通過(guò)分析鋁電解槽不同部位以不同方式向外界環(huán)境散熱的原理，基于玻爾茲曼定律及流體外掠平板的傳熱理論建立了槽體與環(huán)境界面換熱系數(shù)的計(jì)算模型，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)槽體與環(huán)境換熱系數(shù)的計(jì)算。在此基礎(chǔ)上，以側(cè)部槽殼為例分析了槽體表面溫度、空氣流速以及槽型對(duì)換熱系數(shù)的影響。結(jié)果表明：鋁電解槽周圍環(huán)境的空氣對(duì)流形式為自然對(duì)流及強(qiáng)制對(duì)流的混合流，對(duì)流換熱系數(shù)隨著空氣流速的增加而增大，而輻射換熱系數(shù)不受流速影響；輻射換熱系數(shù)隨著槽體表面溫度的升高而增大，同時(shí)對(duì)流換熱系數(shù)隨著槽體表面溫度的升高小幅上升；槽型越大的鋁電解槽與環(huán)境的對(duì)流換熱系數(shù)越小。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁電解；熱場(chǎng)；換熱系數(shù)
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Based on Boltzmann Law and heat transfer theory of fluid flowing through the flat, a model to calculate the heat transfer coefficient between cell surface and surroundings for thermal field simulation was built by analyzing the heat dissipation characters of different parts and different ways. A program was developed to achieve the goal of calculation that follows the mathematical foundation of the model. The effects of shell temperature, air flow speed and cell size on the heat transfer coefficient in side wall were studied. The results indicate that the convection form of air around the cell is the mix of free convection and force convection under general conditions; the heat transfer coefficient of convection increases with increasing the air flow speed. However, the heat transfer coefficient of radiation remains unchanged; the shell temperature shows a great influence on the heat transfer coefficient of radiation, and the heat transfer coefficient of convection increase in a slight degree too; the larger capacity of cells is, the smaller the convective heat transfer coefficient is.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; thermal field; heat transfer coefficient
